Spatial Distribution Analysis of Scrub Typhus in Korea

Jin, Hong Sung; Chu, Chaeshin; Han, Dongxue

doi:10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.007

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The incidence of tsutsugamushi disease has increased steadily over the years, and recently its distribution has expanded to the northern area of the Asia-Pacific region due to climate change (Jin et al 2013;Park et al 2015;Park et al 2016). In this study, due to unforeseen obstacles during experimentation, none of the collected chigger mite pools tested positive for O. tsutsugamushi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Three‐year surveillance (2016–2018) of chigger mites vector for tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong‐Si area of Gyeonggi‐Do, Republic of Korea

Jun

Jegal²,

Kim-Jeon³

et al. 2019

Entomological Research

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Owing to climate change, the global resurgence of vector‐borne infectious diseases has emerged as a critical public health issue. Orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiological agent of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) a mite‐borne acute febrile disease occurring in the Asia‐Pacific region. We investigated the prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease transmitted by chigger mite vectors living on rodents. Using sticky‐type chigger traps for three months during 2016–2018, 1,057 chigger mites were collected (chigger mite index, 1.31) from four locations in the Hwaseong‐si area of Gyeonggi‐do, Republic of Korea. Five species distributed among three genera were identified. In addition, 94 rodents were captured (collection rate: 7.83%) using Sherman live traps over the course of three months (April, October, and November) during 2016–2017. Three rodent species were captured and identified and the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) was the dominant rodent host species in the surveyed area. A total of 10,469 ectoparasitic chigger mites were recovered from the 94 rodents, from which 13 species distributed among four genera were identified. Of the 5,250 chigger mites examined, Leptotrombidium pallidum was most abundant (n = 2,558), followed by L. orientale, L. scutellare, L. zetum, Euschoengastia koreaensis, L. subintermedium, and Neotrombicula tamiyai. Of the examined chigger mites, no groups recovered from rodent hosts tested positive for O. tsutsugamushi. This study provides fundamental regional information on vector‐borne disease data collection in the Hwaseong‐si area, Gyeonggi‐do, and will further contribute to formulating disease control and prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The incidence of tsutsugamushi disease has increased steadily over the years, and recently its distribution has expanded to the northern area of the Asia‐Pacific region due to climate change (Jin et al . ; Park et al . ; Park et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐year surveillance (2016–2018) of chigger mites vector for tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong‐Si area of Gyeonggi‐Do, Republic of Korea

Jun

Jegal²,

Kim-Jeon³

et al. 2019

Entomological Research

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“…The western and southwestern areas of South Korea showed a relatively low incidence of SFTS, which might be related to the low SFTSV infection rate in ticks [18]. This is evidenced by the contrasting finding of a high incidence of tsutsugamushi in the same area, which is closely related to people’s outdoor activity and is one of the most common notifiable infectious diseases in South Korea [22, 23]. The main epidemic season of tsutsugamushi in South Korea is autumn, when chigger mites begin sucking blood from mammals to meet the developmental needs of their life cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in South Korea, 2013-2015

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that was recently identified in China, South Korea and Japan. The objective of the study was to evaluate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of SFTS in South Korea.Methods/Principal FindingsSFTS is a reportable disease in South Korea. We included all SFTS cases reported to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) from January 2013 to December 2015. Clinical information was gathered by reviewing medical records, and epidemiologic characteristics were analyzed using both KCDC surveillance data and patient medical records. Risk factors for mortality in patients with SFTS were assessed. A total of 172 SFTS cases were reported during the study period. SFTS occurred throughout the country, except in urban areas. Hilly areas in the eastern and southeastern regions and Jeju island (incidence, 1.26 cases /105 person-years) were the main endemic areas. The yearly incidence increased from 36 cases in 2013 to 81 cases in 2015. Most cases occurred from May to October. The overall case fatality ratio was 32.6%. The clinical progression was similar to the 3 phases reported in China: fever, multi-organ dysfunction, and convalescence. Confusion, elevated C-reactive protein, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times were associated with mortality in patients with SFTS. Two outbreaks of nosocomial SFTS transmission were observed.ConclusionsSFTS is an endemic disease in South Korea, with a nationwide distribution and a high case-fatality ratio. Confusion, elevated levels of C-reactive protein, and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times were associated with mortality in patients with SFTS.

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“…Scrub typhus is seen in several parts of South-East Asia including India [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] , Bangladesh [12] , China [13] , Taiwan [14] , South Korea [15] , Japan [16] and Northern Australia [17] . Although scrub typhus has been reported from isolated parts of these countries [2,5,9,13,14] , it is likely that this disease is ubiquitous.…”

Section: Distribution Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Severe scrub typhus infection: Clinical features, diagnostic challenges and management

Peter

Sudarsan

Prakash

et al. 2015

WJCCM

139

121

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Scrub typhus infection is an important cause of acute undifferentiated fever in South East Asia. The clinical picture is characterized by sudden onset fever with chills and non-specific symptoms that include headache, myalgia, sweating and vomiting. The presence of an eschar, in about half the patients with proven scrub typhus infection and usually seen in the axilla, groin or inguinal region, is characteristic of scrub typhus. Common laboratory findings are elevated liver transaminases, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. About a third of patients admitted to hospital with scrub typhus infection have evidence of organ dysfunction that may include respiratory failure, circulatory shock, mild renal or hepatic dysfunction, central nervous system involvement or hematological abnormalities. Since the symptoms and signs are non-specific and resemble other tropical infections like malaria, enteric fever, dengue or leptospirosis, appropriate laboratory tests are necessary to confirm diagnosis. Serological assays are the mainstay of diagnosis as they are easy to perform; the reference test is the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the detection of IgM antibodies. However in clinical practice, the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay is done due to the ease of performing this test and a good sensitivity and sensitivity when compared with the IFA. Paired samples, obtained at least two weeks apart, demonstrating a ≥ 4 fold rise in titre, is necessary for confirmation of serologic diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is the tetracycline group of antibiotics or chloramphenicol although macrolides are used alternatively. In mild cases, recovery is complete. In severe cases with multi-organ failure, mortality may be as high as 24%.

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Spatial Distribution Analysis of Scrub Typhus in Korea

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Three‐year surveillance (2016–2018) of chigger mites vector for tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong‐Si area of Gyeonggi‐Do, Republic of Korea

Three‐year surveillance (2016–2018) of chigger mites vector for tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong‐Si area of Gyeonggi‐Do, Republic of Korea

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in South Korea, 2013-2015

Severe scrub typhus infection: Clinical features, diagnostic challenges and management

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