Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in the Sundarbans mangrove soils of Bangladesh

Islam, Md Mahfuz; Akther, Sayada Momotaz; Hossain, Md. Faruque; Parveen, Zakia

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13609-z

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In this study, TOC and TN were positively correlated with Cd, Pb, and Zn, which is in agreement with the results of previous studies (Liu et al, 2016;Islam et al, 2022;Mei et al, 2022). This could be explained by the fact that TOC, which is associated with wetland plants, may decrease the mobility of metals through exchange, chelation, and complexation (Marıá-Cervantes et al, 2010).…”

Section: Effect Of Ec and Nutrient Elementssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characteristics and influencing factors of metal distribution in different wetlands of the Liaohe Delta, Northeastern China

Zhang

Qin

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Metal distribution in different wetlands under the complex influence of natural and anthropogenic activities in the Liaohe Delta was analyzed to better protect and manage delta areas. Ninety-six soil samples were collected from six wetland types, and the levels, depth distributions, risk, and influencing factors of metals (i.e., As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Al, and Fe) were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Al in more than 70% of the soil samples were higher than the background value of Liaoning Province. The concentration of As decreased with distance from the estuary, while that of Cr was higher downstream of Liaohe. The spatial distributions of Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Zn were similar. The concentrations of most metals in the topsoil were higher than those in the subsoil. According to the Nemerow pollution index, higher pollution was observed in the area far away from the Liaohe River and Bohai Sea for the topsoil layer, while for the subsoil layers, higher pollution was observed in the area near the Liaohe estuary. The correlation analysis showed that the wetland type was clearly correlated with Cd, Cu, Al, and S. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, C, N, P, and S and the electrical conductivity obviously decreased with soil depth, while the concentration of Mn was positively correlated with soil depth. Mn was negatively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), whereas Cd, Pb, and Zn showed positive correlation with TOC, TN, and total sulfur (TS). The general linear model indicated that wetland type had a significant effect on As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Al, and Fe (p< 0.01), while depth had a significant effect on Cd, Cr, and Pb (p< 0.01). The findings of this work will contribute to pollution control and ecosystem health conservation of the Liaohe Delta.

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Section: Effect Of Ec and Nutrient Elementssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characteristics and influencing factors of metal distribution in different wetlands of the Liaohe Delta, Northeastern China

Zhang

Qin

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Special attention was given to the collection, preservation, and each experimental technique of the samples. The samples were analyzed according to the standard certified analytical quality control method [69][70][71][72]. All analytical reagents used in the laboratory analysis were pure.…”

Section: Quality Control and Quality Assurancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial distribution map is a valuable tool to identify hotspots of heavy metal pollution and delineate the safe and hazardous corners in a study area [69]. The spatial distribution of elements in surface water near the marble industry is shown in Fig 6. High concentration patterns of Al, K, Ti, and Fe were observed near the sampling sites (S2 to S5), indicating the PLOS ONE contribution of the marble industry to surface water pollution.…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Elements In Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irrigation suitability, health risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface water used for irrigation near marble industry in Malakand, Pakistan

Khan

Egozcue

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Water is a vital, finite resource whose quantity and quality are deteriorating as the world population increases. The current study aims to investigate the concentration of heavy metals (HM) in surface water for irrigation purposes with associated human health risks and pollution sources near the marble industry in Malakand, Pakistan. Twenty-seven water samples were randomly collected and analyzed for HM concentration by inductively coupled plasma‒optical emission spectrometry (ICP‒OES). pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured using standard methods of American Public Health Association (APHA). Irrigation suitability was assessed using specific water quality parameters. The associated health risks from ingestion and dermal exposure to heavy metals were calculated by USEPA health risk indices. Pollution sources and spatial distribution mapping were studied using compositional data analysis (CoDa) and the application of a geographic information system (GIS) to understand the changing behavior of heavy metals in surface waters. The concentrations of BOD (89%), COD (89%), Al (89%), Ca (89%), Cr (56%), Cu (78%), Fe (56%), K (34%) Mg (23%), Mn (56%), Na (89%), Ni (56%), P (89%), and Zn (11%) exceeded the safety limits of National Environmental Quality standards (NEQs) of Pakistan. The results of Kelly’s ratio (KR) classified surface water as unsuitable for irrigation. The average daily doses (ADD, mg/kg/day) for Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn were higher in children than in adults. The hazard index (HI) for children and adults was above the threshold (HI > 1), indicating a significant risk of non-carcinogenic toxicity. The carcinogenic risk values for Cr and Ni were above the USEPA limit (1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4), suggesting a potential carcinogenic risk for the target population. Principal component analysis (PCA), biplot (CLR), and the CoDa-dendrogram allowed for the identification of elemental associations, and their potential source was anthropogenic rather than natural in origin. Regular monitoring and phytoremediation strategies are proposed to safeguard crops and human health.

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“…The acidic solution dissolves aluminium and toxic heavy metals, such as arsenic, contained in the soil [76] and poses problems to crop growth. The sequence of trace metal concentrations in the soils of Sundarbans was found to be in the order of Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd, while the toxicity sequence was Pb > Ni > Cd > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu [77]. Plant root development also suffers due to the toxic effect of gases (H 2 S and CO 2 ) and organic acids [78].…”

Section: Nutrient Deficiencies and Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems, Management, and Prospects of Acid Sulphate Soils in the Ganges Delta

2022

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Soil is a finite natural resource and is indispensable for human civilization because it is the medium for food production for the biosphere. Continued soil degradation is a forerunner of catastrophe for the living world. The protection of healthy soils and the restoration of problem soils are strongly needed in the current agricultural scenario as competition for urbanization and other human needs for land resources limits the scope for the further availability of land for agriculture. Naturally occurring degraded soils, such as acid sulphate soils, can be restored with scientific interventions and advanced management strategies. The Ganges Delta is a densely populated region, where the inhabitants’ major livelihood is agriculture. Soil acidity and salinity restrict crop performance in this coastal region, particularly the acid sulphate soils (ASSs) posing a risk to agriculture. ASSs are developed from land-use changes from mangrove forest to agricultural land in this region. There is no systematic study on these soil types covering Bangladesh and India. This paper unfolds several aspects related to the characteristics, problems, and detailed management strategies of ASSs relevant to the Gangetic Delta region where these soils continue to be used for intensive agriculture to meet the livelihood needs. Crop yields are very poor in the unmanaged ASSs due to a very low soil pH (<3.5), hampering the growth and development of crops due to nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities, coupled with soil salinity. There is toxicity of water-soluble Fe, Al, and Mn. The phosphorus nutrition of crops in these soils is affected owing to a high soil P fixation capacity. A deficiency of micronutrients, such as Zn and Cu, was also observed; however, K availability is variable in the soil. The soil acidity is a general problem throughout the soil profile; however, extreme acidity (pH < 3.5) in particular soil horizons is a typical soil characteristic, which creates problems for its efficient management. Specific operations, such as the selective use of soil layers with good properties for crop root growth, major and minor nutrient applications, and soil amendments, including green manuring, application of biofertilizers, and soil microbes, are gradually improving the properties of these soils and bringing back the potential for good crop production. Scientific water/drainage management is needed to gain an agronomic advantage. Evidence of increased crop yields in these soils observed from green manuring, lime, basic slag, and rock phosphate application are presented.

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Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in the Sundarbans mangrove soils of Bangladesh

Cited by 26 publications

References 60 publications

Characteristics and influencing factors of metal distribution in different wetlands of the Liaohe Delta, Northeastern China

Characteristics and influencing factors of metal distribution in different wetlands of the Liaohe Delta, Northeastern China

Irrigation suitability, health risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface water used for irrigation near marble industry in Malakand, Pakistan

Problems, Management, and Prospects of Acid Sulphate Soils in the Ganges Delta

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