Spatial distribution and epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwest of Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Leishmaniasis, as a major health concern exists in 14 out of 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Therefore, the aim of present investigation was to evaluate the epidemiological features and spatial distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) during six consecutive years (2009-2014). Material and methods: In current retrospective cross-sectional study among 2009-2014, simple direct smear was taken from all suspicious CL subjects who referred to health centers affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. For each patient a questionnaire including some demographic details was filled. Eventually data analysis was done by SPSS.16. Results: Trend of CL in the region was unstable. Spatial distribution of CL in central and west cities was higher than in others. During the years, a total of 4137 smear positive individuals were diagnosed. Of these 55.7% lived in urban and 44.3% lived in rural districts. Frequency of CL was higher in men (60.1%) than in women (39.9%). Also based on age range, 11-30 was the most afflicted group (45.7%). Anatomic location of ulcers was as follows: hands 45.7%, feet 27.4%, face 19.1% and other places 7.8%. Conclusions: Regarding high incidence of CL in southwest of Iran, special programs related to vector and reservoir control should be adopted and implemented. Traffic control of immigrants and travelers from neighboring endemic countries, also can be helpful.

Geospatial-temporal distribution of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Colombia (2007–2016)

“…Retrospective studies play a significant role in this process, since trends can be identified, and then prevention and control measures can be formulated. Of note, studies in Brazil and Iran have evaluated the spatial distribution and epidemiological characteristics of leishmaniasis, becoming the starting point for a more effective allocation of resources, guiding national and regional public health policy [ 41 , 42 ]. Despite the existence of a reporting system, underreporting is common in the most remote rural areas.…”

Comparison of Nested-PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Diagnosis

“…Khuzestan province is one of the endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, with the dominance of L. major (3). In this study, all samples were diagnosed as positive by the direct microscopic examination and the parasite species were determined to be L. major by Nested PCR.…”

“…In this regard, Khuzestan province is one of the main endemic areas for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, which needs attention (3). Cutaneous leishmaniasis accounts for most cases of the disease.…”

Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Tunisia

“…In order to decrease the CL incidence in Tunisia during future years, some points are recommended and should be considered such as health education and awareness about disease, traffic control of immigrants and travelers to endemic regions, personal protection from sandfly biting by curtains and bed nets, eliminating and destroying habitats of the reservoir rodent and spraying insecticides in habitats of sandflies [38]. Therefore, the high awareness among the community, health decision and policy makers were key elements for sustainability of surveillance and control measures in Tunisia.…”