Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment based on Groundwater Fluoride Enrichment in Gaya, Bihar, India

Abstract

Fluoride can be hazardous to the body if consumed in excess. Fluoride exposure in humans can occur through the consumption of contaminated groundwater. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of fluoride present in the area under investigation and to determine the health risks associated with its ingestion by adults and children. In accordance with the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency, the assessment of the health risk was done using the Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQfluoride). The fluoride in groundwater varies from 0.37 - 2.70mg/L in the study area. According to the sampling results of all locations, the HQfluoride value in adult males ranges from 0.38 to 2.77, 0.34 to 2.45 in adult females, and 0.41–3.0 in children, which is above the permissible limits for most of the sampling locations, indicating significantly higher health risks. The outcomes of this study could be beneficial for organizations in charge of promoting human health.

Water quality and sustainable solutions for drinking water supply in the Taquari-Antas watershed, RS, Brazil

“…In the same region, a health risk assessment was conducted using Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQfluoride). The results showed that the HQfluoride value in adult men ranged from 0.38 to 2.77, from 0.34 to 2.45 in adult women, and from 0.41 to 3.0 in children, exceeding the permissible limits in most of the sampled locations, indicating significantly higher health risks (Ahmad and Singh 2023b).…”

Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Suitability for Drinking and Agricultural Use. The Case Study of Fars Province, Iran

“…There are several groundwater quality assessment studies that regard fluoride concentration in regions facing groundwater contamination problems using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and other physiochemical parameters [38][39][40]. Cations, anions, pH, EC, TDS, and TH are used to determine the groundwater's suitability for drinking in this study.…”