Spatial distribution and the interdecadal change of leading modes of heat budget of the mixed-layer in the tropical Pacific and the association with ENSO

Hu, Zeng‐Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Huang, Bohua

doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2672-4

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The characteristics of ENSO changed notably after the year 2000, in that El Niño occurred more frequently and was weaker ( Figure 1). Five El Niño events have happened in the tropical Pacific after 2000: 2002/2003/2005, 2006/2007/2010/2016. Three of them (2002/2003/2005/2010 were CP El Niños.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coincident with these changes, ENSO shifted into a higher-frequency and weaker-intensity regime. The air-sea coupling in the tropical Pacific weakened at ENSO time scales (Hu, Kumar, and Huang 2016;Zheng et al 2015). This study focuses on the linkage between the two ENSO types/modes and the interdecadal changes of ENSO around the year 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The linkage between two ENSO types/modes and the interdecadal changes of ENSO around the year 2000

Wang

Ren

2016

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The linkage between two ENSO types/modes and the interdecadal changes of ENSO around the year 2000

Wang

Ren

2016

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters

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“…Accompanying the SST analysis, we have diagnosed the heat budget in ocean mixed layer (OML) using the monthly mean output of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS; Behringer 2007;Huang et al 2010;Hu et al 2016) forced by the surface wind stress data, as well as the surface heat and freshwater flux data, from the NCEP-DOE reanalysis (R2; Kanamitsu et al 2002). The GODAS data are on a 18 3 18 grid in January 1979-December 2018.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that the horseshoe/tripole-like pattern is statistically associated with NAO and ENSO (Hurrell 1995;Czaja and Frankignoul 2002;Hurrell et al 2003;Visbeck et al 2003;Hu and Huang 2006;Hu et al 2011;Li et al 2013). Also, significant correlations are present in the tropical Pacific, which may imply an association of these two components of NASSTI with ENSO (e.g., Enfield and Mayer 1997;Dommenget et al 2006;Hu and Huang 2007;Hu et al 2011;Ham et al 2013;Lübbecke et al 2018). Based on the similarities of the correlations with SSTA in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific Oceans, we add these two components together as interannual variations (Fig.…”

Section: Multi-time-scale Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a) and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition , there are some higher-frequency variations superimposed on the multidecadal variations and long-term trend. For the interannual and subannual time-scale variations in the North Atlantic, previous studies have focused on their spatial patterns and associations with ENSO and NAO (e.g., Seager et al 2000;Czaja and Marshall 2001;Hu and Huang 2006;Hu et al 2011). For the North Atlantic as a whole, these higher-frequency variations are seldom examined, which is the focus of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subannual to Interannual Variabilities of SST in the North Atlantic Ocean

Huang

2020

Journal of Climate

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Based on observational data, this work examines the multi-time-scale feature of the sea surface temperature (SST) variability averaged in the whole North Atlantic Ocean (to be referred to as NASST), as well as its time-scale-dependent connections with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Traditionally, the NASST index is used to characterize the SST trend and multidecadal variability in the North Atlantic. This study found that superimposed on a prominent long-term trend, NASST is nonnegligible at subannual and interannual time scales, compared with that at decadal to multidecadal time scales. Spatially, the interannual variation of NASST is characterized by a horseshoe-like pattern of the SST anomaly (SSTA) in the North Atlantic. It is mainly a lagged response to ENSO through the atmospheric bridge, and NAO plays a secondary role. At the subannual time scale, both ENSO and NAO play a role in generating the fluctuations of NASST and a horseshoe-like pattern in the North Atlantic. Nevertheless, both the ENSO- and NAO-driven variations only explain a small fraction of the variances in both the interannual and subannual time scales. Thus, other factors unrelated to ENSO or NAO may play a more important role. The associated thermodynamical processes are similar at the two time scales; however, the dynamical processes have a significant contribution to the subannual component, but not to the interannual component. Thus, the SSTA averaged in the North Atlantic as a whole varies at different time scales and is associated with different mechanisms.

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Modulation of Bjerknes feedback on the decadal variations in ENSO predictability

Zheng

Fang

Zhu

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Clear decadal variations exist in the predictability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with the most recent decade having the lowest ENSO predictability in the past six decades. The Bjerknes Feedback (BF) intensity, which dominates the development of ENSO, has been proposed to determine ENSO predictability. Here we demonstrate that decadal variations in BF intensity are largely a result of the sensitivity of the zonal winds to the zonal sea level pressure (SLP) gradient in the equatorial Pacific. Furthermore, the results show that during low‐ENSO predictability decades, zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Pacific are more linked to SLP variations in the off‐equatorial Pacific, which can then transfer this information into surface temperature and precipitation fields through the BF, suggesting a weakening in the ocean‐atmosphere coupling in the tropical Pacific. This result indicates that more attention should be paid to off‐equatorial processes in the prediction of ENSO.

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Spatial distribution and the interdecadal change of leading modes of heat budget of the mixed-layer in the tropical Pacific and the association with ENSO

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

The linkage between two ENSO types/modes and the interdecadal changes of ENSO around the year 2000

The linkage between two ENSO types/modes and the interdecadal changes of ENSO around the year 2000

Subannual to Interannual Variabilities of SST in the North Atlantic Ocean

Modulation of Bjerknes feedback on the decadal variations in ENSO predictability

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