“…In fact, the increasing use of antibiotics leads to the continuous release of them into the environment and their aggregation in various ecosystems can threaten human and animal health (Harrabi et al, 2018). The direct and indirect effects of many pollutants on different ecosystems and organisms have been well documented (Alavian Petroody, Hamidian, Ashrafi, Eagderi, & Khazaee, 2017;Hamidian, Razeghi, Zhang, & Yang, 2019;Hamidian, Zareh, Poorbagher, Vaziri, & Ashrafi, 2016;Khazaee et al, 2016;Majnoni, Rezaei, Mansouri, & Hamidian, 2013;Mansouri, Pourkhabbaz, Ebrahimpour, Babaei, & Hamidian, 2013;Mirzajani, Hamidian, Abbasi, & Karami, 2016;Mirzajani, Hamidian, Bagheri, & Karami, 2016;Norouzi, Mansouri, Hamidian, Ebrahimi, & Kardoni, 2012;Norouzi, Mansouri, Hamidian, Zarei, & Mansouri, 2012;Rajaei, Mansouri, Jahantigh, & Hamidian, 2012;Rezaei Kalvani, Sharaai, Manaf, & Hamidian, 2011;Taheri, Hamidiyan, & Khazaei, 2013), and various methods for their removal have been tested and implemented (Mojoudi, Hamidian, Goodarzian, & Eagderi, 2018;Mojoudi, Hamidian, Zhang, & Yang, 2019;Nekoei et al, 2009;Padashbarmchi, Hamidian, Zhang, et al, 2015;Veisi et al, 2010). There are still much to know about the detection, effects, and removal of antibiotics in terrestrial and especially aquatic environment.…”