Spatial distribution of parameters of auditory cognitive evoked potentials P300 in young adults with myopia

Abstract

Rationale: Myopia is first detected at the age of 18-29 years, both in women (35%) and men (59.9%). Modern people have impaired accommodation and refraction. This is caused by the high load on the visual analyzer due to the digitalization of many areas of human life. This leads to the risk of developing changes in cortical processes of perception, information processing and, as a consequence, to the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Aims: To study differences in the characteristics of EP P300 in young people with myopia and in young people without ophthalmic pathology aged 21–23 years. Methods: an ophthalmological examination was performed of young people aged 21–23 years (average age was 22.3 ± 0.1 years), living in the city of Arkhangelsk, from among university students in Arkhangelsk, in the amount of 54 people of both sexes (34 girls and 20 young men). During the study, uncorrected visual acuity (NICV) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCAV), clinical refraction value (in diopters) were determined for participants, and qualitative changes were assessed. Based on the results of the accommodation study, the reserve of relative accommodation was estimated (RAR in diopters). The study sample included 32 participants without ophthalmopathology and 22 people diagnosed with myopia. The parameters of the cognitive evoked auditory potential P300 were recorded using an electroencephalograph "NeuronSpectrum-4/VPM" (Neurosoft, Russia) in the study groups. The results were processed using the SPSS statistical software package. Results. Рersons with myopia, in comparison with healthy people, the decision-making time is longer according to auditory evoked potentials P300, in the temporal, mid-frontal and left frontal regions of the brain, and the anterior-occipital gradient of P300 amplitude is smoothed with a relatively high amplitude P300 in the left occipital region of the brain. Conclusion. The study of myopia should include a study of the functional state of the cerebral cortex. Because the increase in auditory processing time and the involvement of both the left and right hemispheres with the involvement of the occipital regions of the brain when processing new auditory information in people with myopia may be associated with a functional reorganization of the cerebral cortex.