Spatial distribution patterns and human exposure risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Nepal using tree bark as a passive air sampler

Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment

“…The temperature was ramped to 150 °C at a rate of 15 °C/min. Then, it was ramped to 280 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min and held for 3 min” [ 265 ] Tree bark 3.85 × 10 −5 –0.0131 51–98 [ 318 ] Seaweed 20 0.001–0.004 0.005–0.017 72–120 <12 HPLC: “The column temperature was maintained at 35 °C″ [ 19 ] seaweeds 17 1 80–108 GC-MS: “initial oven temperature at 90 °C for 0.5 min, which was then increased to 280 °C at 8 °C min-1 and again to 300 °C at 15 °C min-1 for 2.5 min. RT: 13.65–22.74 min” [ 319 ] wheat 15 0.02–0.03 0.010–0.05 80–92 2–8 GC-MS: “initial 30 °C (2 min hold), ramped to 180 °C at 15 °C/min, ramped to 190 °C at 2 °C/min, ramped to 290 °C at 2.5 °C/min, and ramped to 320 °C at 5 °C/min (15 min hold)” [ 320 ] Olive oil 10 0–3.25 Pg a IDL: 0.04 Pg a 0–9.087 Pg a 83–117 GC-MS: “The oven temperature analysis was as follows: the furnace was kept at 80 °C for 1 min and then, increased to 300 °C with 20 °C/min” [ 321 ] Tap water, river water, palm oil mill effluent Endosulfsn, dieldrin 0.0073, 0.0086 0.022, 0.025 98.6-1-3.5 4.61–6.79 GC-ECD: “The oven was temperature...…”

Air-Soil Exchange of Organochlorine Pesticides in a Traditionally Agricultural Region in China: Base on the Bark/Air Partitioning Model

“…Quantitative or semiquantitative estimation of volumetric air concentrations through POPs in barks is important for comparing the tree bark data with data obtained by other sampling methods [17]. A widely used bark/air partitioning model was used to estimate the volumetric air concentrations of OCPs from the tree bark concentrations [15][16][17]. The equations are as follows:…”

“…Some people will destroy the devices out of curiosity [10][11][12]. Natural PASs, such as tree barks, have lower sampling costs as they do not require deployment and are easier to obtain from the paired bark and soil samples [13][14][15]. In addition, tree barks can reflect air concentrations over several years, while PUF or XAD-based PASs can only reflect air concentrations over several months [16].…”

Impact of global warming on regional cycling of mercury and persistent organic pollutants on the Tibetan Plateau: current progress and future prospects

“…38,41 Unlike the polar regions, the TP is located adjacent to the substantial pollutant emission region in South and Southeast Asia, 17,18,42,43 wherein, the rapid industrial and agricultural development results in enormous emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. 18,[44][45][46] Also, the TP functions as a "sensible heat air pump" (Fig. 1), with a strong ascending effect on the atmospheric circulation in the summer and a descending implication in the winter.…”