Spatial distribution, regional differences, and dynamic evolution of the medical and health services supply in China

Chen, Baoqi; Jin, Fulei

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020402

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…From the perspective of inter-regional differences, internal differences in the northwest are greater than those in the southwest. Different provinces also have clear differences in location, resource endowment, economic scale, and financial capacity [29]. The provinces and autonomous regions in the northwest are large in size, with many neighbouring provinces (such as Inner Mongolia) bordering eight provinces and Qinghai bordering four provinces; hence, there are great differences between these provinces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional differences, dynamic evolution, and driving factors of high-quality medical resources in China’s ethnic minority areas

Hao,

Liang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: In China, as people’s standard of living improves and the medical service system becomes more sophisticated, the demand for higher-quality and improved healthcare services is steadily rising. Inequality in health resource allocation (HRA) is more pronounced in ethnic minority areas (EMAs) than in developed regions. However, little research exists on high-quality medical resources (HQMRs) in China’s EMAs. Hence, we examined the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of HQMRs in China’s EMAs from 2007 to 2021 and identified the main factors affecting their respective HQMR levels. Methods: We selected tertiary hospitals to represent the quality of healthcare resources. We employed descriptive statistical techniques to analyze changes in the distribution of HQMRs from 2007 to 2021. We used the Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density approach to analyse the dynamic evolution of HQMRs in China’s EMAs. We utilised the least squares dummy variable coefficient (LSDVC) to identify key factors affecting HQMR. Results: The number of HQMRs in each EMA has risen annually. The average number of tertiary hospitals increased from 175 in 2007 to 488 in 2021. The results of the Dagum Gini coefficient revealed that the differences in the HQMR level in China’s EMAs have slowly declined, and intra-regional disparities have now become the primary determining factor influencing overall variations. The kernel density plot indicated that the HQMR level improved significantly during the study period, but bifurcation became increasingly severe. Using the LSDVC for analysis, we found that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the size of the resident population, and the number of students enrolled in general higher education exhibited a significant negative correlation with HQMR levels, while GDP and urbanisation rate had a significant promoting effect. Conclusions: The HQMR level in EMAs has risen rapidly but remains inadequate. The differences in HQMR between regions have continued to narrow, but serious bifurcation has occurred. Policymakers should consider economic growth, education, and population size rather than simply increasing the number of HQMRs everywhere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longitudinal perspective centres on the spatiotemporal evolution and sustainable growth of HRA. Time series and panel data have been used to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of urban MHRs and medical and health service supply (MHSS) based on the provincial level, urban agglomeration, and rural areas [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences, dynamic evolution, and driving factors of high-quality medical resources in China’s ethnic minority areas

Hao,

Liang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…An authoritative research states that emergency medical service workers are often poorly trained in China, and care received at the site of accidents is often substandard, resulting in a low rate of successful pre-hospital resuscitation ( 4 ). Regional differences and inequalities further exacerbate casualties in western ( 52 ). How to promote the balanced development of medical and health services should be considered by government authorities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on alteration of road traffic casualties in western China from multi-department data in recent decade

Qiu

Liu²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundRoad traffic safety has considerably improved in China. However, the changes may differ in the economically backward and altitude higher western region. This study aims to investigate changes in the occurrence and severity of traffic casualties in western China and illuminate several key causal factors.Materials and methodsTraffic accident data from the Annual Traffic Accident Statistics Report combined with population and vehicle data from the China Statistics Bureau between 2009 and 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Traffic accident numbers, fatalities, human injury (HI), case fatality rates (CFR), mortality per 100,000 population (MRP), and mortality per 10,000 vehicles (MRV) were compared between the western and eastern regions. The HI, CFR, MRV, and MRP between the four groups based on the altitude of cities, below 500 meters, 500 to 1,500 meters, 1,500 to 3,000 meters, and over 3,000 meters, were compared using one-way analysis of variance. One hundred and seventy-eight cases of extremely serious traffic accidents were further analyzed in terms of accident occurrence time, vehicle type, road grade, road shape, accident pattern, and accident reason. The differences of accident characteristics between the eastern and western regions were compared using the chi-square test.ResultsThe number of traffic accidents and fatalities decreased in low-altitude areas in western China. However, there was a significant increasing trend in the high altitude area. The HI, CFR, MRV, and MRP were higher in the western region than that in the eastern and national. Those accident indicators tended to increase with increasing altitude. And there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among groups from different altitudes. Chi-square test results show that there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in term of road grade, road shape, accident pattern between eastern and western. Low-grade roads, combined curved and sloping roads, and rollover were significant features associated with traffic accidents in the western region. Bad roads were the main cause of rollover accidents in western China, which will lead to more serious casualties. Over speeding, overloading, bad weather, vehicle failure, and driver error were the top five accident causes.ConclusionTraffic accidents are increasing in high-altitude areas of western China, and they lead to more severe casualties. The characteristics of serious traffic accidents in this part of the country differ from those of the eastern regions. Improving road safety facilities, restrictions of speed, and improving medical treatment at accident scenes may be effective measures to reduce traffic accidents related injuries in the western region.

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“…On the one hand, the spatial equalities at level II, level III and the total medical service function exhibited the distribution characteristics of high equality, undersupply/oversupply, low equality and no function in going from central urban and downtown areas to suburban areas; That patterns are roughly similar to the case study of Shenzhen [60], Shanghai [18] and Zhengzhou [29] in China, since the urban development in China is mostly from the central urban area to the surrounding area, where are the core areas of the layout of Class II and III hospitals. But the distribution law for the spatial equality of the level I function was relatively poor, because of the area of rural region is relatively small and the distribution is dotted [61,62]. On the other hand, different from the above cities, Chengdu's total medical service function is relatively high.…”

Section: More Spatial Equality Issues Of Medical Service Functions Ha...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of the spatial equality of the medical service function from the perspective of the life circle：A case study of Chengdu City

Zhu,

Rong,

Wang

2024

Preprint

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Background At a time when life is starting to return to normal following the global pandemic, the medical service function as a key component of public infrastructure in livable communities still have an undeniable importance. In practice, however, due to a heterogeneity in the distribution of medical facilities, a significant spatial imbalance can exist in urban and country regions. By integrating the life circle theory and complex system theory, we try to propose a new framework to fill this gap and explain the formation mechanism of the medical service function equality. Furthermore, the feasibility of the framework was verified by evaluating the spatial equality of medical services of the primary, secondary, tertiary and total medical service function in Chengdu City, China. Methods Based on Z-score method, a quantitative method was constructed to quantitative detect the spatial pattern of Chengdu’s medical services. This method can help to accurately identify the spatial equality of the medical service function, thereby facilitating further refined policy formulation to improve these functions. Results The results for accessibility within the life circle indicate that 97.69% of the population and 63.76% of metropolitan Chengdu enjoy total access to medical services, but this desirable accessibility gradually decreases around the central line of Chengdu and the central areas of other districts and counties. The multi-center hierarchical structure of level II, level III and the total function reflects the fact that accessibility to medical facilities in the main urban areas is better than that in the surrounding counties, and in the central urban areas of these surrounding counties are better than that in their peripheral areas. the spatial equality for the total function, level III, and level II exhibits a clear hierarchical structure, namely core-edge pattern. Urban construction is gradually spread from the center to the outside, which fundamentally determines the skeleton of the spatial pattern of medical service facilities in Chengdu. Conclusions Findings of this research contribute new theoretical and methodological insights into addressing the spatial equality of public service functions in complex regional and urban system.

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Spatial distribution, regional differences, and dynamic evolution of the medical and health services supply in China

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Regional differences, dynamic evolution, and driving factors of high-quality medical resources in China’s ethnic minority areas

Regional differences, dynamic evolution, and driving factors of high-quality medical resources in China’s ethnic minority areas

Analysis on alteration of road traffic casualties in western China from multi-department data in recent decade

Evaluation of the spatial equality of the medical service function from the perspective of the life circle：A case study of Chengdu City

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