Spatial dynamics of forest decline: the role of neighbouring trees

Vacek, Stanislav; Lepš, Jan

doi:10.2307/3236457

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In localities of large-area stand decline, the site conditions significantly change and approach those of open space, which may lead to re-creation of even-aged stands on large surfaces. On the contrary, the situation of local windthrows and other small-scale disturbances of -mostly mountain -forests, is an occasion for formation of desirable mosaic-like structure of stands (Zukrigl 1991;Vacek, Lepš 1996;Vacek et al 2010b). …”

Section: Issue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts.

Vacek¹,

Nosková²,

Bílek³

et al. 2010

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The article describes natural, combined and artificial regeneration on 38 permanent research plots in both Czech and Polish part of the Krkonoše Mts. The attention is paid to species composition, spatial (horizontal and vertical) and age structure of forest regeneration according to different stand and site conditions. Concerning the structure and dynamics of forest stands and their regeneration, the potential and prospects of regeneration according to particular developmental stages and stand types (beech stands; mixed stands: spruce-beech, fir-beech, spruce-firbeech; spruce stands, stands in the ecotone of the upper forest limit and relict pine woods) were evaluated. In many aspects the plots show several similarities, nevertheless the regeneration in different site and stand conditions show clear differences in dynamics of development. The main differences are result of different ecological conditions, environmental limits and biological characteristics of dominant tree species.Keywords: forest ecosystem; forest regeneration (natural, combined, artificial); Krkonoše Mts.; site and stand conditions; structure and development of forest stands Increasing the ratio of natural regeneration is in present days considered as one of the main challenges of the Czech forestry and nature protection. The use of natural regeneration is commonly accepted as essential part of close-tonature forest management based on ecological principles. Beside lower establishment cost, natural regeneration is important measure in conservation of forest genetic resources and establishment of forest stands with appropriate tree species composition and ecological stability. In the Krkonoše National Park the ratio of natural regeneration is constantly increasing (Fig. 1) with simultaneous decrease of artificially regenerated areas, usually of conifers (mainly spruce). Issue analysisNatural regeneration, its age, species and height structure have a key role in regeneration of tree layer in forest ecosystems. Regeneration processes and their dynamics largely influence stability and functionality of forest stands. The advantages of natural regeneration lie mainly in maintaining of autochthonous or well-established allochthonous populations of forest woody plants with presupposition of preserving desirable qualities of maternal forests, i.e. individuals of regeneration that well adapted to more extreme site conditions; it enables to use effectively differences in site conditions (Korpeľ et al. 1989;Vacek et al. 2010a).The regeneration development in forests with natural or near-natural structure is related to the occurrence of disturbances in the forest development. The success of natural forest regeneration depends on a number of factors. Worsening conditions for existence of a forest in mountain areas (climatic and soil extremes) result in decreasing generative reproduction ability of forest woody plants. Continuous regeneration is dependent on

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Section: Issue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts.

Vacek¹,

Nosková²,

Bílek³

et al. 2010

J. For. Sci.

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“…Such data can be analyzed using spatial statistics tools such as Ripley's K statistic, which is defined as the expected number of individuals within a distance of a randomly chosen individual in a population (Ripley 1976;Kenkel 1988Kenkel , 1994Cressie 1993). The method has been used to study vegetation mortality patterns and tree interactions in numerous systems (Andersen 1992;Szwagrzyk and Czerwczak 1993;Vacek and Lepš 1996;Cole and Syms 1999;Eccles et al 1999). The method is not ideal in all situations, as it requires complete enumeration of the target (e.g., all trees in a study area must be analyzed).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial pattern dynamics of oak mortality and associated disease symptoms in a California hardwood forest affected by sudden oak death

Kelly

Liu

McPherson

et al. 2008

Journal of Forest Research

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Sudden oak death is a disease affecting coastal forests in California and southern Oregon. The spatial pattern of disease dynamics is important for forest and landscape pathology; in this work we investigated the interaction across landscape scales of disease symptomology in coast live oaks, Quercus agrifolia, (trunk bleeding, presence of beetles, and presence of the fungus Hypoxylon thouarsianum) and tree mortality through time. We used two-dimensional spatial analysis tools with data gathered in point-centered-quarter format in 2001 and 2004 to quantify the population density of the disease through time; to examine the spatial pattern of tree mortality across scales through time; and to examine the spatial co-occurrence of disease symptoms with crown mortality through time. Early in the study period dead trees were strongly clustered at smaller scales (*300 m) and after three years this clustering was less pronounced. Bleeding on trees occurred in clusters away from dead trees, particularly in 2004, likely indicating a new cohort of infected trees. The presence of H. thouarsianum was strongly related to overstory mortality through time. Beetle-infested trees cooccurred with mortality in 2001. By 2004, they occurred throughout the forest, and were less strongly correlated with overstory tree mortality, suggesting a future peak of tree mortality.

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“…Classifi cation and ordination methods at beech, mixed (spruce with beech, beech with spruce and spruce with fi r and beech) and spruce forests were studied for instance by Sýkora (1971), Sofron (1981), Vacek and Lepš (1991, Ambros and Míchal (1992), Viewigh (1994), Elenberg (1996), Bohn et al (2000), Pokorný (2002), Hédl (2004), Vacek and Matjka (2003), Šamonil and Vrška (2008), Podlaski (2008), who dealt with suitability of use of diff erent input data for numerical analysis. In numerous cases, the impact of imission load on acceleration of vegetation changes was proven (Vacek, Lepš 1996;Moldan, Hak 2007;Vacek et al 2007). Yet, long-term vegetation observations under natural conditions with almost minimal air-pollution load are rather few (Matuszkiewicz et al 1960(Matuszkiewicz et al , 1967Stöcker 1968;Mikyška 1972;Málek 1970Málek , 1973Pišta 1972Pišta , 1978Moravec 1974;Vacek 1981;Prša 1985;Ujházy et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

State and development of phytocenoses on research plots in the Krkonoše Mts. forest stands

Vacek¹,

Matějka²

2010

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The paper assesses the state and development of phytocenoses in beech, mixed and spruce stands on permanent research plots (PRP) 1-32 in the Krkonoše (Giant) Mts. in the years 1980-2005, i.e. during the air-pollution calamity and afterwards. Dynamics (the extent of change) of the vegetation structure has been expressed as the overall change of species composition in comparison with the year 1980. The change was quantified using the Euclidean distance or as the change of the several first ordination axes (DCA 1-DCA 4). Species composition was significantly changing on all 32 PRP stands in the period 1980-2005; some species completely disappeared (e.g. Cicerbita alpina, Lamium maculatum, Phyteuma spicatum, Viola biflora) or their ratio was reduced (e.g. Blechnum spicant, Dentaria enneaphyllos, Homogyne alpina). From the viewpoint of diversity, the most significant change is the reduction of species in the moss layer, which was observed in all types of stands; in beech and mixed forests the average number of species dropped from 4.8 to 2.7 (44%), in non-declining spruce stands the number fell from 11.6 to 5.5 (53%), and in declining spruce stands it dropped from 10.4 to 3.3 (68%). The overall reduction of species diversity ranged between 31% and 43%; the highest reduction was recorded at species with lower representation. The most significant factors influencing the species composition were altitude and exposition of plot.

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Spatial dynamics of forest decline: the role of neighbouring trees

Cited by 64 publications

References 27 publications

Regeneration of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts.

Regeneration of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts.

Spatial pattern dynamics of oak mortality and associated disease symptoms in a California hardwood forest affected by sudden oak death

State and development of phytocenoses on research plots in the Krkonoše Mts. forest stands

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