Spatial Eco-Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Surface Soils of Industrial City of Aran-o-Bidgol, Iran

Ravankhah, Neda; Mirzaei, Rouhollah; Masoum, Saeed

doi:10.1007/s00128-016-1761-3

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…From this point of view, they seemed to exert more indirect influences. Cu, Pb, and Zn have often been traffic-related in urban environments in previous studies [51][52][53]. However, with a slight difference, we found that industrial emissions determined the soil pollution with Cu while it was the soil properties for Pb.…”

Section: Scale-dependent Drivers Of Spatial Variations In Soil Pollutioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Environmental Controls to Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Vary at Multiple Scales in a Highly Urbanizing Region in Southern China

Jiang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Natural and anthropogenic activities affect soil heavy metal pollution at different spatial scales. Quantifying the spatial variability of soil pollution and its driving forces at different scales is essential for pollution mitigation opportunities. This study applied a multivariate factorial kriging technique to investigate the spatial variability of soil heavy metal pollution and its relationship with environmental factors at multiple scales in a highly urbanized area of Guangzhou, South China. We collected 318 topsoil samples and used five types of environmental factors for the attribution analysis. By factorial kriging, we decomposed the total variance of soil pollution into a nugget effect, a short-range (3 km) variance and a long-range (12 km) variance. The distribution of patches with a high soil pollution level was scattered in the eastern and northwestern parts of the study domain at a short-range scale, while they were more clustered at a long-range scale. The correlations between the soil pollution and environmental factors were either enhanced or counteracted across the three distinct scales. The predictors of soil heavy metal pollution changed from the soil physiochemical properties to anthropogenic dominated factors with the studied scale increase. Our study results suggest that the soil physiochemical properties were a good proxy to soil pollution across the scales. Improving the soil physiochemical properties such as increasing the soil organic matter is essentially effective across scales while restoring vegetation around pollutant sources as a nature-based solution at a large scale would be beneficial for alleviating local soil pollution.

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Section: Scale-dependent Drivers Of Spatial Variations In Soil Pollutioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Environmental Controls to Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Vary at Multiple Scales in a Highly Urbanizing Region in Southern China

Jiang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…The potential ecological risk index (RI) was used to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in soil and sediment near the tailings pond. The potential ecological risk index considers not only the content of heavy metals, but also the ecological effect, environmental effect, and toxicological effect of heavy metals [ 28 , 29 ]. The potential ecological risk index RI was calculated using the following equation [ 30 ]:

where RI is the potential ecological index for the sampling point;

is the potential ecological risk index of a particular heavy metal I ;

is the toxic-response factor for the given heavy metal I ;

is the concentration of heavy metal i in soil or sediment;

is the background value of the heavy metal i in soil or sediment ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential ecological risk index (RI) was used to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in soil and sediment near the tailings pond. The potential ecological risk index considers not only the content of heavy metals, but also the ecological effect, environmental effect, and toxicological effect of heavy metals [28,29]. The potential ecological risk index RI was calculated using the following equation [30]:…”

Section: Potential Ecological Risk Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Sediment around the HTM Tailings Pond, Northeastern China

Zhang

Long

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Tailings ponds are a main heavy metal pollution source in mining areas. In this study, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI) are used to evaluate the environmental impact of Hongtou Mountain (HTM) tailings pond on the surrounding area. Farmland soil, surface water, and sediment samples in the Hun River around the HTM tailings pond were collected. Heavy metal contents in the samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show that Cu, Zn, and Cd content in the farmland soil and sediment around the lower reaches of the Hun River (HTM tailings pond section) are obviously higher than the upper reaches. The Igeo values show that the farmland soil near the outlet of the tailings pond is the most polluted area. Cu was classified as moderate–strongly pollution, Zn was moderately pollution, and Cd was strongly pollution. Cd is the major pollutant in farmland soil, the monomial ecological risk (Eri) for Cd is a very high potential ecological risk. The potential ecological risk of sediment in the dry season is more serious than in the raining season. In the dry season, the Igeo index shows strong pollution for Cu and Cd at the confluence of the Hun River and the tributary from the HTM tailings pond, and a moderate–strongly pollution for Zn. Whereas, the Eri index shows that the monomial ecological risk for Zn at H3 is low, and Cu is moderate. The potential ecological risk at H3 is high, and Cd is the main source of the ecological risk around the HTM tailings pond.

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“…Calculations of the various factors of ecological pollution demonstrated that Cd was the main contributor to enhanced RI. Ravankhah et al [27] found the average pollution of Pb, Cu, and Cd in the soil of Arano-Bidgol to be 11.41, 14.82, and 0.72 mg kg −1 , respectively, all of which were greater than their reference quantities. Considering the RI values and reference quantities, this area showed a comparably great level of pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The means of the RI for the agricultural land, rangeland, and urban land uses were 114.09, 122.08, and 339.62, respectively. Among all, the urban land use showed the highest RI for its inhabitants [1,27].…”

Section: Cf Er and Ri Assessments In The Urban Field Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the ecological risk index (Er) of heavy metals (HMs) pollution in urban field soils

et al. 2020

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This study presents the importance of urban field soils for producing vegetable crops. This study was conducted in the three local areas of Isfahan (first region), Falavarjan (second region), and Natanz, Feridan, and Golpayegan (third region) to evaluate transfer factor (TF), contamination factor, ecological risk (Er) and potential ecological risk index (RI) which were employed to investigate the Pb, Cu, Co, Cd, and Cr pollution of the urban field soils affecting vegetable to reveal the potential hazards of HMs pollution for the first time in Isfahan city in Iran. To measure the pollution of such heavy metals (HMs) as Pb, Cu, Co, Cd, and Cr, the related soil samples were collected and their pollution and ecological risk indices were assessed. The results showed the highest pollution of Pb and Cr in the field soils of the first (127.37 and 112.65 mg kg −1) and second (6.94 and 4.61 mg kg −1) regions, respectively, which were greater than the amounts recommended by Iran's Environmental Protection Agency. The high TF of Cr (0.56 mg kg −1), Cd (0.23 mg kg −1), and Co (0.30 mg kg −1) from the soils to the tubers were found to mostly involve leafy and fruity vegetables. The highest contamination factor (PF) of Cr (12.46 mg kg −1) in the first region was in the class of very high pollution. The highest Er of Cd in first and second regions was 264.0 and 214.9 mg kg −1 , respectively, which were considered in the high-risk class. These indices revealed possible increases in potential ecological RI in the mentioned regions (up to 330.8 and 272.4 mg kg −1 , respectively), which were classified in the classes of high and moderate pollution risk. Principal component analysis indicated that the pollution of the HMs in Isfahan and Falavarjan was overlapped. Cr in PC1 and Cd and Co in PC2 had the highest distributions and impacts representing enhancing transfer factor from the soils to onions, potatoes, and basil.

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Spatial Eco-Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Surface Soils of Industrial City of Aran-o-Bidgol, Iran

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Environmental Controls to Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Vary at Multiple Scales in a Highly Urbanizing Region in Southern China

Environmental Controls to Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Vary at Multiple Scales in a Highly Urbanizing Region in Southern China

Pollution and Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Sediment around the HTM Tailings Pond, Northeastern China

Evaluation of the ecological risk index (Er) of heavy metals (HMs) pollution in urban field soils

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