Spatial estimation of air PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions using activity data, local emission factors and land cover derived from satellite imagery

Abstract

Abstract. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a serious environmental problem in many urban areas on Earth. In the Philippines, most existing studies and emission inventories have mainly focused on point and mobile sources, while research involving human exposures to particulate pollutants is rare. This paper presents a method for estimating the amount of fine particulate (PM 2.5 ) emissions in a test study site in the city of Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, in the Philippines, by utilizing local emission factors, regionally procured data, and land cover/land use (activity data) interpreted from satellite imagery. Geographic information system (GIS) software was used to map the estimated emissions in the study area. The present results suggest that vehicular emissions from motorcycles and tricycles, as well as fuels used by households (charcoal) and burning of agricultural waste, largely contribute to PM 2.5 emissions in Cabanatuan. Overall, the method used in this study can be applied in other small urbanizing cities, as long as on-site specific activity, emission factor, and satellite-imaged land cover data are available.

Incorporating Sentinel-1 SAR imagery with the MODIS MCD64A1 burned area product to improve burn date estimates and reduce burn date uncertainty in wildland fire mapping

“…The improvement in burn date and reduction in associated uncertainty resulting from this study could prove useful for a variety of applications including those related to multisensor biomass burning inventories, associated air quality impact studies, temporallyconsistent emissions comparisons, fire early-warning systems, post-impact fire assessments, timing of drought impacts on fire, changes to fire regime patterns over time, and others (Prasad et al 2002;Palandjian et al 2009;Singh et al 2009;Kanabkaew and Oanh 2011;Reid et al 2013;Hayasaka et al 2014;Gibe and Cayetano 2017;Shi and Matsunaga 2017;van der Werf et al 2017;Z uñiga-V asquez et al 2017;Hayasaka and Sepriando 2018;Itahashi et al 2018;Koplitz et al 2018;Nguyen et al 2018). Some of these example studies rely upon dynamic atmospheric conditions which change from day-to-day such as wind speed and direction.…”

Particulate matter concentration in Davao City airshed and its trend over the years

“…For a given 100,000 individuals, about 36 of those deaths in 1990 and 44 in 2019 were influenced by exposure to air pollutants and could be more potentially devastating as more people are exposed to outdoor pollution due to daily outdoor engagement and responsibilities 8 . An exposure to PM2.5 of a city in Philippines were majorly contributed by vehicle emissions, household emissions from cooking and burning of agricultural waste 9 .…”

“…Mapping of air pollution is one approach of monitoring air pollution and prediction of monitored pollution level provided reliable estimates 10 . Mapping of air quality (AQ) through GIS was utilized to evaluate the cost of health care of exposed individuals to various air pollutants estimating economic costs due to health damage 11 , characterizing elemental constituents of dust 4 and understanding land cover and human activities impacts to air pollutant emission 9 . The IDW technique was utilized in various air pollution studies 3,[11][12][13] .…”