Spatial influence evaluation research of economic growth on greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil

Abstract

Given the large contribution of rural activities to the Brazilian economy and the vast contribution of these agricultural activities to the emission of pollutant gases, this paper aims to analyze the impact of economic growth on greenhouse gas emissions related to the urban and rural areas of Brazil. Data from 2004 to 2014 were used and the environmental Kuznets curve equation for Brazilian states was estimated via a spatial econometric method for panel data. Thus, two effects have been demonstrated for both urban and rural areas. First, rising economic growth increases short-term pollutant emissions. Second, in the long run, maintaining the rise in economic growth levels leads to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, the estimation results showed the need to implement pollutant removal policies, especially in the rural areas of Brazilian states.

Impact of economic policy uncertainty on CO2 emissions in the US: Evidence from bootstrap ARDL approach

“…In this regard, the environmental economics literature considers environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and mostly concludes an inverted U‐shaped relationship between income and CO 2 emissions (Lantz & Feng, 2006). Besides, CO 2 emissions seem to be affected by other economic factors such as economic growth (Adedoyin et al, 2020; Ahmad et al, 2016; de Souza et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2019; Shahbaz et al, 2013; Wang, 2011), energy consumption (Ahmad et al, 2016), foreign direct investment (C. Zhang & Zhou, 2016), financial development (Dogan & Seker, 2016; Salahuddin et al, 2015; Shahbaz et al, 2013), and innovations (Y. J. Zhang et al, 2017). However, the relationship between macroeconomic institutional factors and CO 2 emissions remains largely understudied even though macroeconomic institutions can affect the economic entities' decision‐making, which in turn affects carbon emissions.…”

“…Besides, CO 2 emissions seem to be affected by other economic factors such as economic growth Ahmad et al, 2016;de Souza et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Shahbaz et al, 2013;Wang, 2011), energy consumption (Ahmad et al, 2016), foreign direct investment (C. Zhang & Zhou, 2016), financial development (Dogan & Seker, 2016;Salahuddin et al, 2015;Shahbaz et al, 2013), and innovations (Y. J. Zhang et al, 2017).…”

When will China fulfill its carbon‐related intended nationally determined contributions? An in‐depth environmental Kuznets curve analysis

“…This inverted U ‐shape relationship was then named EKC by Panayotou in 1993 23 . In recent years, the EKC analysis has been successfully used in many regions to forecast the CO 2 emissions 24–27 …”