Spatial key performance indicators on the statewide ambulance service coverage of multiple regional classifications

Abstract

The total population covered by the current ambulance service under threshold response time and policy is one of the major concerns for policymakers and ambulance service designers. This study investigates the statewide service coverage based on regional types of urban, rural, and frontier to address emergency medical service (EMS) disparity. A statewide ambulance coverage case study is conducted for the state of North Dakota. This study revisited the spatial key performance indicators (SKPIs) of EMS and proposed innovative spatial modeling for statewide EMS coverage in view of service users, providers, and public health designers. Statewide ground ambulance service coverages were mapped to three types of indicators, including: (a) geographical backup coverages; (b) predicted response and travel time distance at census block level; and (c) the ratio of population being covered by the threshold response time coverage at the county level using GIS. The study demonstrated that the service shortage and multiple service areas are clearly explained using the suggested SKPIs, and the underserved areas are drilled down into expected response and travel time for each census block and the population‐covered ratio for each county for further investigation.

Neuroethics across the Disorders of Consciousness Care Continuum

“…118 Improvements in emergency response systems may also be facilitated by capacity building in underserved areas, telemedicine systems, 119 and standards for establishing centers equipped to receive patients with acute DoC. 114,[120][121][122][123][124][125][126] Another area of ethical concern is ensuring that prehospital care and triage reflect patients' values and goals. Advance directives can help this process; however, several barriers to using advance directives might arise in the hyperacute stage.…”

“…118 Improvements in emergency response systems may also be facilitated by capacity building in underserved areas, telemedicine systems, 119 and standards for establishing centers equipped to receive patients with acute DoC. 114 120 121 122 123 124 125 126…”