Spatial knowledge impairment after GPS guided navigation: Eye-tracking study in a virtual town

Hejtmánek, Lukáš; Oravcová, Ivana; Motýl, Jiří; Horáček, Jiří; Fajnerová, Iveta

doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.04.006

Cited by 63 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Broadly, the current study sought to determine whether and how an emerging and pervasive navigational aid -GPSaffects spatial abilities. Prior work has established that GPS use in the laboratory adversely affects environmental learning and wayfinding outcomes (Hejtmánek et al, 2018;Gardony et al, 2015;Ishikawa et al, 2008). However, it was unclear whether long-term GPS use in everyday life would affect virtual environmental learning in the absence of a direct manipulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These accounts most often claim that GPS use affects environmental learning through changes in spatial attention and/or working memory. For example, navigators pay more attention to the GPS device than the environment (Hejtmánek et al, 2018) or divide their attention between device and environment (Gardony et al, 2015;Willis et al, 2009), impairing learning. Others have argued that using GPS replaces the need for navigators to actively encode the environment into spatial working memory (Münzer et al, 2006;Parush et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory studies have shown that GPS use reduces navigation efficiency and accuracy (Gardony, Brunyé, & Taylor, 2015;Ishikawa, Fujiwara, Imai, & Okabe, 2008). Similarly, GPS use impairs spatial memory for environments when used to aid navigation (Hejtmánek, Oravcová, Motýl, Horáček, & Fajnerová, 2018;Münzer, Zimmer, Schwalm, Baus, & Aslan, 2006;Parush, Ahuvia, & Erev, 2007;Willis, Holscher, Wilberz, & Li, 2009; c.f. Sönmez & Önder, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of this work argues that GPS use disrupts environmental learning via attentional and/or working memory mechanisms. For example, navigators who use GPS may pay more attention to the device than virtual environments (Hejtmánek et al, 2018), have difficulty learning due to divided attention (Gardony et al, 2015), or do not encode environments into spatial working memory (Münzer et al, 2006). This research has established that GPS use negatively affects environmental learning using many different methodologies, such as eyetracking (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research has established that GPS use negatively affects environmental learning using many different methodologies, such as eyetracking (e.g. Hejtmánek et al, 2018) and comparison of distracting auditory and visual cues (e.g. Münzer et al, 2006) in both real and virtual environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GPS use negatively affects environmental learning through spatial transformation abilities

Ruginski

Creem-Regehr

Stefanucci

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Psychology

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Research has established that GPS use negatively affects environmental learning and navigation in laboratory studies. Furthermore, the ability to mentally rotate objects and imagine locations from other perspectives (both known as spatial transformations) is positively related to environmental learning. Using previously validated spatial transformation and environmental learning tasks, the current study assessed a theoretical model where long-term GPS use is associated with worse mental rotation and perspective-taking spatial transformation abilities, which then predicts decreased ability to learn novel environments. We expected this prediction to hold even after controlling for self-reported navigation ability, which is also associated with better spatial transformation and environmental learning capabilities. We found that mental rotation and perspective-taking ability fully account for the effect of GPS use on learning of a virtual environment. This relationship remained after controlling for existing navigation ability. Specifically, GPS use is negatively associated with perspective-taking indirectly through mental rotation; we propose that GPS use affects the transformation ability common to mental rotation and perspective-taking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GPS use negatively affects environmental learning through spatial transformation abilities

Ruginski

Creem-Regehr

Stefanucci

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Psychology

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London taxi drivers: A review of neurocognitive studies and an exploration of how they build their cognitive map of London

et al. 2021

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Licensed London taxi drivers have been found to show changes in the gray matter density of their hippocampus over the course of training and decades of navigation in London (UK). This has been linked to their learning and using of the "Knowledge of London," the names and layout of over 26,000 streets and thousands of points of interest in London. Here we review past behavioral and neuroimaging studies of London taxi drivers, covering the structural differences in hippocampal gray matter density and brain dynamics associated with navigating London. We examine the process by which they learn the layout of London, detailing the key learning steps: systematic study of maps, travel on selected overlapping routes, the mental visualization of places and the optimal use of subgoals. Our analysis provides the first map of the street network covered by the routes used to learn the network, allowing insight into where there are gaps in this network. The methods described could be widely applied to aid spatial learning in the general population and may provide insights for artificial intelligence systems to efficiently learn new environments.

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Kemeny

2023

Autonomous Vehicles and Virtual Reality

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Spatial knowledge impairment after GPS guided navigation: Eye-tracking study in a virtual town

Cited by 63 publications

References 33 publications

GPS use negatively affects environmental learning through spatial transformation abilities

GPS use negatively affects environmental learning through spatial transformation abilities

London taxi drivers: A review of neurocognitive studies and an exploration of how they build their cognitive map of London

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