Spatial-Modulation-Based Techniques for Backscatter Communication Systems

Goudeli, Eleni; Psomas, Constantinos; Krikidis, Ioannis

doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3005832

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…SM-based techniques, which exploit the antenna index as an additional means for sending information, improve the BER performance and spectral efficiency of MIMO Back-Com systems [153], [154]. SM techniques map the data bits into two sub-blocks.…”

Section: ) Mimo Tag/readermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Link Budget Analysis for Backscatter-Based Passive IoT

et al. 2022

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Massive connectivity of billions of communicating devices for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks requires the deployment of self-sustaining, maintenance-free, and low-cost communication paradigms. Could passive Internet of Things (IoT) solve these challenges? Passive IoT can be realized with the backscatter communication (BackCom) paradigm, which uses ultra-low power, inexpensive passive tags to support massive connectivity. However, a comprehensive link budget analysis for BackCom networks has not yet been available. It is something that is necessary for practitioners and researchers to evaluate the potential of BackCom. This survey is organized as follows. First, we describe the BackCom configurations, passive IoT design targets, backscatter channel statistics, and the different components and operations of the backscatter tag. Second, we develop the forward link budget and the overall link budget. All the relevant parameters are described in detail. Third, we give numerical and simulation results to get insights on the achievable performance of BackCom networks. Since additive path losses and excess fading can limit the performance of BackCom networks, we examine potential solutions to overcome the resulting limitations, enabling massive IoT networks. We also discuss integrating BackCom with existing wireless technologies. We further highlight some applications and address open issues, challenges, and future research directions.

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Section: ) Mimo Tag/readermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second subblock maps to the spatial constellation that specifies the position of the active transmit antennas. The combination of OSTBC (Alamouti scheme) and generalized SM for multiple (two) transmitting antennas at a time instant provides diversity gain and ensures significant improvements in terms of BER [153].…”

Section: ) Mimo Tag/readermentioning

confidence: 99%

Link Budget Analysis for Backscatter-Based Passive IoT

et al. 2022

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“…Due to the energy efficiency advantage of index modulation, the BackCom system based on energy balance has been proposed [15]. The existing IM schemes that support BackCom [16,17] proceed mainly with the help of antenna indexing in space, carrying index information by activating different antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Backscatter Communication Scheme for OFDM-IM with Dynamic Carrier Activation

2023

Sensors

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Multicarrier backscattering has been proposed to improve the communication rate, but the complex circuit structure of multicarrier backscattering devices requires more power consumption, resulting in devices far away from the radio frequency (RF) source without enough power to maintain communication, which greatly reduces the limited communication range in backscattering. To solve this problem, this paper introduces carrier index modulation (IM) into orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) backscattering and proposes a dynamic subcarrier activated OFDM-IM uplink communication scheme suitable for passive backscattering devices. When the existing power collection level of the backscatter device is detected, only a subset of carrier modulation is activated using part of the circuit modules to reduce the power threshold required for device activation. The activated subcarriers are mapped by a block-wise combined index using the look-up table method, which can not only transmit information using traditional constellation modulation but also carry additional information through the frequency domain carrier index. Monte Carlo experiments show that this scheme can effectively increase the communication distance and improve the spectral efficiency of low-order modulation backscattering when the power of the transmitting source is limited.

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