“…For the spatial pattern evaluation of simulated AET, the bias‐insensitive Spatial Efficiency metric (SPAEF) was used (Demirel, Koch, Mendiguren, & Stisen,
2018; Demirel, Koch, & Stisen
2018; Demirel, Mai, et al.,
2018; Koch et al.,
2018). The SPAEF is a reformulation of KGE and is defined as
where r is the Pearson correlation coefficient between observed and simulated spatial patterns of AET, Φ is the coefficient of determination fraction of observed and simulated AET, and γ quantifies the fraction of the histogram intersection based on the z ‐scores of observed and simulated AET fields.…”