Spatial Patterning in Young Stands of Pinus sylvestris in Relation to Mortality Caused by the Snow Blight Pathogen Phacidium infestans

Burdon, J. J.; Wennstroem, A.; Mueller, Will; Ericson, Lars

doi:10.2307/3546180

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Regeneration following Wre in Scots pine forests is often clumped and variable in structure (Kuuluvainen andRouvinen 2000, Lampainen et al 2004). Similar patterns have been found, at spatial scales similar to that of our blocks, for natural regeneration of other tree species (Bonnicksen and Stone 1980;Askew 1983;Ward and Parker 1989;Fröhlich and Quedneau 1995), and for Scots pine following other types of disturbance (Burdon et al 1994). Natural regeneration using prescribed Wre could help create high spatial variation in forest habitats, driven by variation in stand density.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Testing prescribed fire as a tool to promote Scots pine Pinus sylvestris regeneration

et al. 2009

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Techniques for encouraging natural tree regeneration are of increasing interest to managers of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris forests. We tested prescribed Wre at a management scale, with deer present or excluded, as a means of increasing rates of Scots pine forest expansion on heathland. At a semi-natural pinewood in Scotland, ten experimental blocks were established, within range of pine seed-fall. Each block comprised four, 100 m 2 plots. Two plots at each site were burnt and two fenced, allowing the eVects of burning on pine regeneration to be measured at two levels of deer abundance. We monitored pine seedlings, seed-fall, deer dung and vegetation for 5 years following treatment. DiVerences in seedling detection rates between treatments were quantiWed using dummy seedlings, and analyses corrected accordingly. Mean new pine seedling establishment was 9.8 times higher on burnt ground than unburnt ground (conWdence intervals 3.2-30). DiVerences were even more pronounced in a year of high seed-fall, and following Wres with low rates of spread. Establishment rates varied strongly between experimental blocks. Exclusion of deer increased establishment rates, but only in the Wrst 2 years after Wre. There was evidence that both seedling survival, and cumulative recruitment of older (over 12 months) seedlings, were improved by prescribed burning. Our results support the use of prescribed Wre as a tool to promote increased Scots pine seedling establishment. This technique is likely to give strong Wne-scale variation in seedling densities, and so would most suit areas where a variable spatial pattern of regeneration is sought, for landscape or naturalness reasons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Testing prescribed fire as a tool to promote Scots pine Pinus sylvestris regeneration

et al. 2009

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“…The detection of this relationship may, however, be confounded by several factors, including biotic and abiotic environmental variation within a population (Burdon et al 1989(Burdon et al , 1992(Burdon et al , 1994. Of the studied pathogen species, a clear positive correlation was detected only between the occurrence of the snow-blight pathogen P. infestans and stand density (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Besides airborne spores, the fungus is able to disperse by means of hyphal growth in snow. Positive density-dependence in mortality of Scots pine seedling populations has been detected earlier (Björkman 1948;Burdon et al 1992Burdon et al , 1994.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Seedlings in particular are affected, and there are indications that fungal diseases may cause considerable mortality (Burdon et al 1994;Hellgren 1995;Roll-Hansen 1989) and even retard the establishment of Scots pine in habitats where conditions benefit the development of fungi and predispose the host to infection (Björkman 1948;Steijlen and Zackrisson 1987). In boreal forests with natural dynamics, Scots pine regenerates mostly after forest fire (Ryan 2002;Zackrisson 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The development of fungal diseases within plant populations is simultaneously affected by (1) spatial variation in environmental factors, such as microclimate and soil conditions (Kaitera 1997;Ranta and Neuvonen 1994;Roll-Hansen et al 1992), (2) density, spatial patterning, developmental stage, and age of the host population (Burdon and Chilvers 1982;Burdon et al 1994;Gilbert et al 1994), and (3) interactions with other organisms like vectors and antagonists (Ingvarsson and Ericson 1998;Jalkanen 1986;Roll-Hansen 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of fungal foliage and shoot pathogens in a natural Scots pine population in relation to environmental variables

Ranta¹,

Saloniemi²

2005

Can. J. For. Res.

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The development of fungal diseases within plant populations is simultaneously affected by spatially varying factors, which include environmental variables as well as characteristics of the host population itself. We studied the effects of such variation by investigating the relationships between several environmental factors and the occurrence and abundance of pathogenic fungi (Phacidium infestans L., Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet, and Lophodermella sulcigena (Rostr.) Höhn) in a naturally regenerated, postfire population of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saplings. The fieldwork was carried out in the pristine forest of Kostamuksha Strict Nature Reserve in the Karelian Republic, Russia. The microhabitat as well as the density and height of the saplings were factors that were related to the extent of damage caused by fungal diseases. However, the factors were correlated to the amounts of single pathogen species in different ways. Most obviously, microhabitat was related to the amount of G. abietina, while the amount of P. infestans was positively correlated with the increasing density of the stand. Lophodermella sulcigena was most abundant on tall saplings. Gremmeniella abietina occurred together with the other two fungi less frequently than would be expected from random occurrence, suggesting different ecological requirements or competitive exclusion. Fungal diseases caused considerable mortality and damage in the Scots pine population in question. We suggest that pathogenic fungi affecting shoots and foliage may affect the spatial distribution and regeneration dynamics of natural Scots pine populations.Résumé : Le développement des maladies cryptogamiques au sein des populations végétales est affecté simultanément par des facteurs qui varient dans l'espace, incluant des variables environnementales aussi bien que des caractéristiques de la population hôte elle-même. Les auteurs ont étudié les effets d'une telle variation en examinant les relations entre plusieurs facteurs environnementaux et l'occurrence ainsi que l'abondance de champignons pathogènes (Phacidium infestans L., Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet et Lophodermella sulcigena (Rostr.) Höhn) dans une population de jeunes tiges de pin sylvestre qui se sont régénérées naturellement après feu. Les travaux de terrain ont été effectués dans la forêt vierge de la réserve naturelle intégrale de Kostamuksha située en République de Karélie, en Russie. Les facteurs reliés à l'importance des dommages causés par les maladies cryptogamiques étaient la densité et la hauteur des jeunes tiges, mais particulièrement le microhabitat. Cependant, ces facteurs étaient corrélés de différentes façons à l'abondance de chacune des espèces de pathogènes. La relation entre le microhabitat et l'abondance de G. abietina était la plus évidente, tandis que l'abondance de P. infestans était positivement corrélée à la densité du peuplement. Lophodermella sulcigena était le plus abondant sur les gaules de forte dimension. Gremmeniella abietina a été observé en même temps...

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Why Do Plants Need Defenses?

Walters

2010

Plant Defense

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Spatial Patterning in Young Stands of Pinus sylvestris in Relation to Mortality Caused by the Snow Blight Pathogen Phacidium infestans

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Testing prescribed fire as a tool to promote Scots pine Pinus sylvestris regeneration

Testing prescribed fire as a tool to promote Scots pine Pinus sylvestris regeneration

Distribution of fungal foliage and shoot pathogens in a natural Scots pine population in relation to environmental variables

Why Do Plants Need Defenses?

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