Spatial Patterns and Health Disparities in Pediatric Lead Exposure in Chicago: Characteristics and Profiles of High-Risk Neighborhoods

Oyana, Tonny J.; Margai, Florence M.

doi:10.1080/00330120903375894

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Ecological research shows that black and high-poverty communities in Chicago have been disproportionately exposed to childhood lead poisoning (11,12), even after accounting for housing-related conditions, and recent discoveries of toxic neighborhoods in Flint, Michigan and East Chicago, Indiana point to the continuing nature of ecological threats from lead, both in the soil and water systems. In both of these cases, the neighborhoods most affected were predominantly black and poor, just as in Chicago (13,14).…”

Section: The Landscape Of Cumulative Adversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city

Sampson

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

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The environmental fragility of cities under advanced urbanization has motivated extensive efforts to promote the sustainability of urban ecosystems and physical infrastructures. Less attention has been devoted to neighborhood inequalities and fissures in the civic infrastructure that potentially challenge social sustainability and the capacity of cities to collectively address environmental challenges. This article draws on a program of research in three American cities—Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles—to develop hypotheses and methodological strategies for assessing how the multidimensional and multilevel inequalities that characterize contemporary cities bear on sustainability. In addition to standard concerns with relative inequality in income, the article reviews evidence on compounded deprivation, racial cleavages, civic engagement, institutional cynicism, and segregated patterns of urban mobility and organizational ties that differentially connect neighborhood resources. Harnessing “ecometric” measurement tools and emerging sources of urban data with a theoretically guided framework on neighborhood inequality can enhance the pursuit of sustainable cities, both in the United States and globally.

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Section: The Landscape Of Cumulative Adversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city

Sampson

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

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“…2,23 Consequently, childhood lead exposure has been found to be greatest among black children compared to other racial or ethnic groups. 20,[24][25][26][27] It is also associated with poverty. 22,[26][27][28][29][30] Neighborhoods with higher median household incomes and/or newer housing significantly protect children from elevated BLLs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,[24][25][26][27] It is also associated with poverty. 22,[26][27][28][29][30] Neighborhoods with higher median household incomes and/or newer housing significantly protect children from elevated BLLs. 24,25,[27][28][29][30][31] Most recently, Moody et al 22 found that even in neighborhoods of the highest household incomes, black children were still significantly more at risk for lead poisoning than white children were in the Detroit Metropolitan Area (DMA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Differences and Racial Residential Segregation to Childhood Blood Lead Levels in Metropolitan Detroit

2016

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This study uses a new approach to assess the impact of different neighborhood characteristics on blood lead levels (BLLs) of black versus white children in metropolitan Detroit. Data were obtained from the Michigan Department of Community Health and the US Bureau of the Census American Community Survey. The Modified Darden-Kamel Composite Socioeconomic Index, bivariate regression, and the index of dissimilarity were used to compute neighborhood BLL unevenness by neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic characteristics and high racial residential segregation predicted higher average childhood BLLs. This reveals a social spatial structure that will aid researchers/policymakers in better understanding disparities in childhood BLLs.

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“…Prior research results have demonstrated variations in lead poisoning by neighborhood racial composition and poverty (Oyana and Margai, 2010;Sampson and Winter, 2016). To control for these potential confounders, we retrieved data from the 1990 U.S. Census (standardized to 2000 block group boundaries) to calculate the proportion of individuals in each child's block group who are non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, as well as the proportion of individuals below the poverty line (table 1).…”

Section: Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisoned Development: Assessing Childhood Lead Exposure as a Cause of Crime in a Birth Cohort Followed Through Adolescence

Sampson

Winter

2018

Criminology

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Exposure to dangerous levels of lead was extensive for long stretches of the twentieth century (Feigenbaum and Muller, 2016;Troesken, 2006). Although environmental reforms such as the bans on lead in gasoline and paint in the 1970s were deemed victories for public health at the time (Markowitz and Rosner, 2013;Needleman, 2004), lead toxicity is far from a hazard of the past. High levels of lead have recently been found in thousands of cities in the United States (Pell and Schneyer, 2016) and in both developed and developing countries around the world (Tong, von Schirnding, and Prapamontol, 2000).

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Spatial Patterns and Health Disparities in Pediatric Lead Exposure in Chicago: Characteristics and Profiles of High-Risk Neighborhoods

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city

Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city

The Relationship of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Differences and Racial Residential Segregation to Childhood Blood Lead Levels in Metropolitan Detroit

Poisoned Development: Assessing Childhood Lead Exposure as a Cause of Crime in a Birth Cohort Followed Through Adolescence

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