Spatial patterns in an old-growth Nothofagus obliqua forest in south-central Chile

Salas, Christian; LeMay, Valerie; Núñez, Patricio; Pacheco, Patricio; Espinosa, Alejandro

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.037

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, the pre-mortality patterns of canopy species were more aggregated than that of midstory and understory species. Similar results have been reported in many other studies (e.g., Condit et al, 2000;Salas et al, 2006). Many factors, such as limited seed dispersal (Connell et al, 1984;Grubb, 1977;Harms et al, 2000), and environmental heterogeneity Koukoulas and Blackburn, 2005), have contributed to these patterns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Density dependence on tree survival in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China

Zhang

Hao

Sun³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Density dependence is a major mechanism for shaping plant communities. However, its role in regulating diverse, mixed natural tree communities is less certain.• In this study we investigated density-dependent effects in a large-scale (25 ha) old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China. Spatial patterns of neighborhood distribution in the plot were analyzed using various methods for inferring competition, including (1) pair correlation function to determine spatial patterns of pre-mortality and post-mortality and (2) neighborhood analysis of individuals to examine the extent to which tree survival is correlated with other covariates.• Results showed that, for common species, 3 of 5 canopy species and 3 of 8 midstory and understory species were random in mortality. Negative density-dependent mortality was not found when trees reach 1 cm in DBH. There was no significant correlation for canopy species between tree survival and conspecific abundance, but largely positive correlations for midstory and understory species. In contrast, tree survival was found to negatively correlate with conspecific basal area for most species, indicating strong intraspecific competition. No strong interspecific density dependence was found in the forest. Mots-clés :compétition / mortalité dépendante de la densité / effets du voisinage / analyse du modèle spatial / forêt tempérée Résumé -La survie des arbres dépend de la densité dans une ancienne forêt tempérée du nordest de la Chine.• La dépendance par rapport à la densité est un important mécanisme pour la formation des communautés végétales. Toutefois, son rôle dans la régulation de diverses communautés mélangées d'arbre est moins certain.• Dans cette étude, nous avons enquêté sur les effets densité-dépendance à une grande échelle (25 ha) dans une ancienne forêt tempérée, dans le nord de la Chine. Les modes de distribution spatiale de voisinage ont été analysés en utilisant diverses méthodes pour estimer la concurrence, y compris : (1) des paires de fonction de corrélation afin de déterminer les structures spatiales de pré et postmortalité et (2) l'analyse du voisinage des individus pour examiner dans quelle mesure la survie de l'arbre survivant est corrélée avec d'autres variables.• Les résultats ont montré que, pour les espèces communes, 3 des 5 espèces de la canopée et 3 des 8 de l'étage moyen et du sous-étage, la mortalité était aléatoire. Aucune mortalité densité-dépendante négative n'a été détectée lorsque les arbres atteignent 1 cm de diamètre à hauteur d'homme. Il n'y avait pas de corrélation significative pour les espèces de la canopée entre la survie des arbres et l'abondance conspécifique, mais il y avait des corrélations positives pour l'étage moyen et le sous-étage.• En revanche, la survie des arbres était corrélée négativement avec la surface terrière conspécifique pour la plupart des espèces, indiquant une forte concurrence intraspécifique. Aucune dépendance visible de la densité interspécifique n'a été détectée dans la forêt.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Density dependence on tree survival in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China

Zhang

Hao

Sun³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…As a result, the post-mortality spatial pattern of surviving trees shifts towards a more regularly spaced pattern (see plot 2 and 3 in Figure 3), providing evidence of density-dependent competition over the initial succession stages. This shift has been reported in uneven-aged temperate forests [35][36][37][38] and can be used to infer intra-and inter-specific interactions in mixed hardwood Caspian beech stands [21]. Moreover, if density-dependent competition is a decisive mechanism in the development of stand structure throughout succession, spatial regularity among older trees should increase over succession as individuals become larger and more effective competitors [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Spatial Distribution and Volume of Dead Wood in Unmanaged Caspian Beech (Fagus orientalis) Forests from Northern Iran

Amanzadeh¹,

Sagheb-Talebi²,

Foumani³

et al. 2013

Forests

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Unmanaged forests are remnants of natural ecosystems that provide a basis for close-to-nature silvicultural research and applications. These forests have high amounts of dead wood, and although this material is being increasingly studied, the diversity of dead wood in terms of different diameters, decay stages, and spatial distribution patterns is as important as its volume for understanding forest dynamics. Here, we study natural forests in northern Iran to investigate the spatial distribution, decay stages, and volume of dead wood in unmanaged temperate forests at different developmental stages. Three stem-mapped sampling plots (100 m × 100 m) were established in uneven-aged stands dominated by Caspian beech (Fagus orientalis Lispsky). The total dead wood ranged from 37 to 119 m 2 ha −1 . Our results imply a spatial distribution shift from aggregation to OPEN ACCESSForests 2013, 4 752 randomness for dead trees in Caspian beech forest succession. We detected significant spatial interactions (attraction) between living and dead trees at short to medium spatial scales (1-20 m) in the plot with the earlier successional stage, suggesting that intra-specific competition is a prevailing force causing tree mortality at the stem-exclusion phase. By contrast, as trees become dominant with the mortality of other trees, the random tree-mortality pattern prevails. The spatial distribution and volume of dead wood may serve as a management target in near-to-natural Caspian beech forest. On the basis of our results, conservation-oriented management strategies should take into account the increasing amount of dead wood, particularly of large diameter in a late stage of decay.

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“…Our aim was to identify the optimum juxtapositions of different vertical layers of the tree species. We used height as a measure of vertical layering because it is more sensitive for monitoring ecological processes than other parameters that represent the life histories of trees (Chen and Bradshaw, 1999;Salas et al, 2006). Our objectives were to (i) understand the mechanisms of species interactions by determining species spatial patterns and associations among juveniles, lower-height classes and upper-height classes of trees and (ii) determine the dependent relationships and species richness in the vertical layers of the forest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial association and optimum adjacent distribution of trees in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in northeastern China

Zhang¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. The spatial patterns and associations of adjacent tree species among the vertical layers of a forest were analysed with point-pattern statistics (a pair-correlation function) in a 1-ha plot. The hierarchy of tree species from highest to lowest importance values (IVs) was as follows: A. nephrolepis, P. jezoensis, P. koraiensis, and T. amurensis. All trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) >1.0 cm were identified. (1) Clustered distributions were observed at fine scales for some tree species, possibly caused by environmental heterogeneity, limited seed dispersal or biological characteristics of seeds; however, random or even regular distributions indicated a "self-thinning" process with intra-specific competition.(2) It was also found positive associations at small scales among species pairs in different tree-height classes that might be a function of the shade-tolerance of congeners, different niches or the influence of habitat heterogeneity on niche breadth, whereas significant negative associations at large scales might be caused by adverse anthropogenic interference or existing habitat heterogeneity. (3) Additionally, habitat heterogeneity, limited seed dispersal and inter-specific competition might be the most important factors that influence species spatial patterns and associations; these scenarios can provide new insight into the development of reforestation practices in forest management.

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Spatial patterns in an old-growth Nothofagus obliqua forest in south-central Chile

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Density dependence on tree survival in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China

Density dependence on tree survival in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China

Spatial Distribution and Volume of Dead Wood in Unmanaged Caspian Beech (Fagus orientalis) Forests from Northern Iran

Spatial association and optimum adjacent distribution of trees in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in northeastern China

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