Spatial patterns of ground heat gain in the Northern Hemisphere

Beltrami, Hugo; Bourlon, Evelise; Kellman, Lisa; González-Rouco, J. Fidel

doi:10.1029/2006gl025676

Cited by 47 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Comparing these numbers with the estimates provided by Beltrami et al (2006), the mean fluxes for the period between 1780 and 1980 from existing borehole temperature data are about 21 and 30 mW m −2 , with the estimated cumulative heat flux absorbed by the ground since the start of industrialization at about 100 mW m −2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The total heat absorbed by the continental areas of the NH since the beginning of industrialization is estimated to be 13.2 ZJ. 36 % of this heat gain occurred in the last 50 yr of the 20th century (Beltrami, 2002b;Beltrami et al, 2006). Recent calls have noted the importance of monitoring the temporal rate of change in the energy stored in climate system components (Hansen et al, 2011(Hansen et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results represent the spatial distribution of the potential subsurface energy that has remained unaccounted for (Beltrami, 2002a;Beltrami et al, 2006) in previous estimates of the ground energy contribution from geothermal data to the energy balance of the climate system. The magnitude of such contributions could be important, as climate models attempt to include surface processes and soil thermodynamics in their simulations.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Reconstructions of past climatic changes from borehole temperature profiles are important independent estimates of temperature histories over the last millennium. There remain, however, multiple uncertainties in the interpretation of these data as climatic indicators and as estimates of the changes in the heat content of the continental subsurface due to long-term climatic change. One of these uncertainties is associated with the often ignored impact of the last glacial cycle (LGC) on the subsurface energy content, and on the estimate of the background quasi steadystate signal associated with the diffusion of accretionary energy from the Earth's interior. Here, we provide the first estimate of the impact of the development of the Laurentide ice sheet on the estimates of energy and temperature reconstructions from measurements of terrestrial borehole temperatures in North America. We use basal temperature values from the data-calibrated Memorial University of Newfoundland glacial systems model (MUN-GSM) to quantify the extent of the perturbation to estimated steady-state temperature profiles, and to derive spatial maps of the expected impacts on measured profiles over North America. Furthermore, we present quantitative estimates of the potential effects of temperature changes during the last glacial cycle on the borehole reconstructions over the last millennium for North America. The range of these possible impacts is estimated using synthetic basal temperatures for a period covering 120 ka to the present day that include the basal temperature history uncertainties from an ensemble of results from the calibrated numerical model. For all the locations, we find that within the depth ranges that are typical for available boreholes (≈ 600 m), the induced perturbations to the steady-state temperature profile are on the order of 10 mW m −2 , decreasing with greater depths. Results indicate that site-specific heat content estimates over North America can differ by as much as 50 %, if the energy contribution of the last glacial cycle in those areas of North America that experienced glaciation is not taken into account when estimating recent subsurface energy changes from borehole temperature data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

et al. 2014

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“…In addition to the recovery of the past temperature evolution BTPs have also been used to evaluate the role of heat storage in the lithospheric crust within the global energy balance (Levitus et al, 2001;Pielke, 2003;Levitus et al, 2005;Hansen et al, 2005) by calculating the amount of energy stored in the ground due to GST warming (Beltrami, 2001b;Beltrami et al, 2002Beltrami et al, , 2006a. This information can be thought of as a byproduct of the temperature reconstruction analysis and, as such, it can be considered potentially subjected to the same advantages and shortcomings.…”

Section: Borehole Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Borehole climatology: a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Progress in understanding climate variability through the last millennium leans on simulation and reconstruction efforts. Exercises blending both approaches present a great potential for answering questions relevant both for the simulation and reconstruction of past climate, and depend on the specific peculiarities of proxies and methods involved in climate reconstructions, as well as on the realism and limitations of model simulations. This paper explores research specifically related to paleoclimate modeling and borehole climatology as a branch of climate reconstruction that has contributed significantly to our knowledge of the low frequency climate evolution during the last five centuries.The text flows around three main issues that group most of the interaction between model and geothermal efforts: the use of models as a validation tool for borehole climate reconstructions; comparison of geothermal information and model simulations as a means of either model validation or inference about past climate; and implications of the degree of realism on simulating subsurface climate on estimations of future climate change.The use of multi-centennial simulations as a surrogate reality for past climate suggests that within the simplified reality of climate models, methods and assumptions in borehole reconstructions deliver a consistent picture of past climate evolution at long time scales. Comparison of model simulations and borehole profiles indicate that borehole temperatures are responding to past external forcing and that more realism in the development of the soil model components in climate models is desirable. Such an improved degree of Correspondence to: J. F. González-Rouco (fidelgr@fis.ucm.es) realism is important for the simulation of subsurface climate and air-ground interaction; results indicate it could also be crucial for simulating the adequate energy balance within climate change scenario experiments.

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“…Pollack and Smerdon, 2004;Pollack et al, 2006). Indeed, a wide range of research around the general subject of interpreting geothermal climate signals has developed over the last two decades (see Pollack and Huang, 2000;Bodri and Cermak, 2007;González-Rouco et al, 2009, for reviews and related references), including recent efforts to estimate heat storage in the terrestrial subsurface (Beltrami, 2001(Beltrami, , 2002Baker and Baker, 2002;Beltrami et al, 2002Beltrami et al, , 2006aHuang, 2006) and assessments of the long-term behaviour of GCMs and the suitability of their component soil models (Lynch-Stieglitz, 1994;Sun and Zhang, 2004;Smerdon and Stieglitz, 2006;Beltrami et al, 2006b;González-Rouco et al, 2003, 2006, 2009Stevens et al, 2007MacDougall et al, 2008MacDougall et al, , 2010Lawrence et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maximum borehole depths on inverted temperature histories in borehole paleoclimatology

et al. 2011

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Abstract.A quantitative assessment is presented for the impact of the maximum depth of a temperature-depth profile on the estimate of the climatic transient and the resultant ground surface temperature (GST) reconstruction used in borehole paleoclimatology. The depth of the profile is important because the downwelling climatic signal must be separated from the quasi-steady state thermal regime established by the energy in the Earth's interior. This component of the signal is estimated as a linear increase in temperature with depth from the lower section of a borehole temperature profile, which is assumed to be unperturbed by recent changes in climate at the surface. The validity of this assumption is dependent on both the subsurface thermophysical properties and the character of the downwelling climatic signal. Such uncertainties can significantly impact the determination of the quasi-steady state thermal regime, and consequently the magnitude of the temperature anomaly interpreted as a climatic signal. The quantitative effects and uncertainties that arise from the analysis of temperature-depth profiles of different depths are presented. Results demonstrate that widely different GST histories can be derived from a single temperature profile truncated at different depths. Borehole temperature measurements approaching 500-600 m depths are shown to provide the most robust GST reconstructions spanning 500 to 1000 yr BP. It is further shown that the bias introduced by a temperature profile of depths shallower than 500-600 m remains even if the time span of the reconstruction target is shortened.

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Spatial patterns of ground heat gain in the Northern Hemisphere

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance

Borehole climatology: a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling

Impact of maximum borehole depths on inverted temperature histories in borehole paleoclimatology

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