Spatial patterns of throughfall and mineral ion deposition in a lowland Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation at the plot scale

Inter-crown versus under-crown area: contribution of local configuration of trees to variation in topsoil morphology, pH and moisture in Abies alba Mill. forests

“…Moreover, at the withinstand level, differences between the chemical properties of through fall have been found and spatially linked to the crown positions (Beier et al 1993;Whelan et al 1998). The investigations by Hirabuki (1991), Bartsch et al (2002) and Penne et al (2010) also provide evidence that the amount of woody debris is significantly higher under tree crowns than in inter-crown gaps.…”

“…Such tree patterning determines the light and thermic conditions in forest interiors (e.g. Canham et al 1994;Parker 1997), modifies the amount and chemical properties of through fall (Whelan et al 1998;Morris et al 2003;Staelens et al 2006) and spatially diversifies the amount of litterfall (Hirabuki 1991), rhizodeposition (Weintraub et al 2007) and carbon input by root litter (Tingey et al 2005).…”

Seasonal variations of throughfall chemistry in pure and mixed stands of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Hyrcanian forests (Iran)

“…Rainwater is thereby influenced by three main processes (Chiwa et al 2004): (1) the washing of deposits accumulated on the canopy between precipitation events, (2) the leaching of material from internal plant tissues and (3) the uptake by foliage of solutes. Tree species with different foliage properties exhibit different patterns of throughfall water and ion fluxes (Beier et al 1993;Hansen 1995;Raat et al 2002;Whelan et al 1998). Furthermore, as dry deposition is also a function of foliage properties (Lovett 1994), it may cause species-related differences (Hojjati et al 2009;Rothe et al 2002).…”

Changes in the Physical Properties of Precipitation in Pine Stands in the Area with A Low Degree of Air Pollution (Western Pomerania)

“…Research conducted by Kozłowski et al (2012), on the other hand, showed that the share of leached out potassium in spruce stands was 88.9% and it amounted to 91.6% in fir stands. Małek et al (2008) for spruce stands at various (Małek et al 2008, Kozłowski et al 2012, canopy density (Whelan et al 1998, Herrman et al 2006, distance from the edge of the forest (Devlaeminck et al 2005) and inflow of acidifying compounds from the atmosphere (Draaijers et al 1997, Polkowska et al 2005, Małek et al 2008). …”