Spatial planning to estimate the offshore wind energy potential in coastal regions and islands. Practical case: The Canary Islands

Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Julieta; Montesdeoca, Nuria García

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.10.084

Cited by 92 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This poses great challenges for control engineering to develop control algorithms able to improve the system performance, and hence the turbine life-time. These challenges are influenced by barge dimensions and shape, which also affects the Levelized Cost Of Energy (LCOE) due to the platform Capital Investment Cost (CAPEX) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Advanced Control Technique for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Based on More Compact Barge Platforms

Olondriz¹,

Elorza²,

Jugo

et al. 2018

Energies

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Hydrodynamic Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) platform specifications are typically dominated by seaworthiness and maximum operating platform-pitch angle-related requirements. However, such specifications directly impact the challenge posed by an FOWT in terms of control design. The conventional FOWT systems are typically based on large, heavy floating platforms, which are less likely to suffer from the negative damping effect caused by the excessive coupling between blade-pitch control and platform-pitch motion. An advanced control technique is presented here to increase system stability for barge type platforms. Such a technique mitigates platform-pitch motions and improves the generator speed regulation, while maintaining blade-pitch activity and reducing blade and tower loads. The NREL's 5MW + ITI Energy barge reference model is taken as a basis for this work. Furthermore, the capabilities of the proposed controller for performing with a more compact and less hydrodynamically stable barge platform is analysed, with encouraging results.Several attempts have been done to control and improve FOWT systems-however, not so many for barge mounted systems. This is because of the dilemma presented by this type of platform. When the blade-pitch action tries to regulate the generator speed in the above rated wind speed, a coupling between blade-pitch and platform-pitch motions can happen [10], known as the negative platform damping effect. This phenomenon makes the turbine unstable, potentially damaging mechanical components. One of the first and most complete studies done to tackle this phenomenon was carried out in [11], where three control alternatives were proposed to mitigate the barge platform-pitch motions. The best results were achieved detuning the blade-pitch PI control gains. Great reductions in the platform-pitch motion and in the mechanical component loads were achieved. However, the generator speed regulation quickness was degraded.Several Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) based controller designs are compared with the baseline blade-pitch PI controller in [12]. The LQR Gain-Scheduling (GS) and the Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) GS State-Feedback (SF) control techniques show the best results. The LQR GS control provides the best power regulation, whereas the LPV GS SF provides the best platform-pitch damping. The baseline blade-pitch PI controller used for the comparison is tuned with those blade-pitch PI gains used for onshore wind turbines. Unfortunately, a mechanical load analysis is missing to verify the impact of the proposed controllers on the mechanical components.A comparison between the Individual Pitch Control (IPC) and the Collective Pitch Control (CPC) is presented in [13]. The IPC is based on three modules: the Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC) aimed at eliminating the wind disturbances, the Model Predictive Control (MPC) to remove the influence of wave disturbances, and the fuzzy control module to combine both these algorithms. Both IPC and CPC techniques improve the power productio...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Advanced Control Technique for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Based on More Compact Barge Platforms

Olondriz¹,

Elorza²,

Jugo

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…The study area is defined by the EEZ of Greece and any area outside of it, is legally excluded. The EEZ of a country or otherwise the National Territorial Waters, particularly in recent years, is formally taken into consideration, as a siting criterion, [16,20,[33][34][35]. The exclusion criteria considered in this paper are discussed below.…”

Section: Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The site selection for utilizing OWFs corresponds to a multidimensional decision-making issue. Although several applications in various spatial planning scales can be found in the literature [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], the applications of OWF siting at national scale are really handful. Only five out of seventeen [8,10,14,17,19], refer to site suitability analyses on a national spatial planning scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GIS presents also an important tool for the identification and the selection of suitable sites for the installation of wind farms either on land or in the marine environment [25]. It has been used globally in many countries for the site selection of offshore wind projects, such as Egypt [8], Ohio-USA [9], China [10], Greece [11][12][13][14], South Korea [15], Spain [16], Thailand [26], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategic Planning of Offshore Wind Farms in Greece

2020

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In the present article, a new methodological framework for the efficient and sustainable exploitation of offshore wind potential was developed. The proposed integrated strategic plan was implemented for the first time at national spatial planning scale in Greece. The methodological approach is performed through geographical information systems (GIS) and Microsoft Project Server Software and includes five distinct stages: (i) definition of vision/mission, (ii) identification of appropriate areas for offshore wind farms’ (OWFs) siting, (iii) determination of the OWFs’ layout, (iv) calculation of the OWFs’ (projects) total investment cost and, finally, (v) portfolio analysis. The final outcome of the proposed strategic planning is the prioritization of the proposed sixteen offshore wind projects based on their strategic value, as well as the estimation of the overall investment cost of the entire portfolio. High economic, socio-political and environmental benefits could be achieved through the implementation of only 60% of the total investment capital of the proposed strategic plan.

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“…Recent studies have used sophisticated models to simulate these electrical systems, including scenarios with a 100% renewable electricity supply [13]. Others, like Schallenberg-Rodríguez and García Montesdeoca [14], have studied the viability of offshore wind energy as the first step in energy planning. However, besides the study performed by Guerrero-Lemus et al [15], the operation of these networks is notably complicated by insufficient interlinking within the network, difficulties in their territorial expansion for environmental reasons, and voltage levels lower than those in mainland networks.…”

Section: Specific Factors For the Canary Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Regulation of Isolated Power Systems: The Canary Islands, Spain

Uche-Soria

Rodríguez‐Monroy

2018

Sustainability

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As non-mainland territories, the Canary Islands represent isolated electricity systems with their own peculiarities, derived mainly from their location. They are therefore subject to a special regulatory framework governing their electricity supply activities. These systems are less stable, in terms of both electrical energy generation and its transport infrastructures, because their site limitations require production to rely on a small number of plants, multiplying the problems that arise from potential grid or generator failures. This means that power generation costs in isolated groups of islands have been intrinsically higher than those on the mainland, above all in terms of fuel, given their greater dependence on fossil fuels. These costs also have a different structure, wherein variable costs prevail over fixed costs. The entry into force of Royal Decree 738/2015 defines a new method to determine the price of demand, generation, and additional costs. In addition, it creates a new virtual market for each isolated system (or subsystem), which takes into account the prices of the mainland, moving year, and generation costs. This implies a reduction in the volatility of the electricity market in these territories (lower risk) because part of the purchase price is already known. In this regard, the Canary Islands' subsystem that has experienced the greatest increase in generation costs is the island El Hierro, since, in systems where there is a wider diversification in the generation methods, there is also a greater variation in monthly prices-that is, greater uncertainty. The aim of this study is to analyze the operation of the Canary Islands' electricity market and the configuration of its dispatch pool. The wind-pumped hydropower station on El Hierro is described as a specific case study to illustrate the impact of the new regulatory framework.

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Spatial planning to estimate the offshore wind energy potential in coastal regions and islands. Practical case: The Canary Islands

Cited by 92 publications

References 22 publications

An Advanced Control Technique for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Based on More Compact Barge Platforms

An Advanced Control Technique for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Based on More Compact Barge Platforms

Strategic Planning of Offshore Wind Farms in Greece

Special Regulation of Isolated Power Systems: The Canary Islands, Spain

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