The feasibility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging of features smaller than the laser beam size has been demonstrated. The method involves the complete ablation of the MALDI matrix coating the sample at each sample position and moving the sample target a distance less than the diameter of the laser beam before repeating the process. In the limit of complete sample ablation, acquiring signal from adjacent positions spaced by distances smaller than the sample probe enhances image resolution as the measured analyte signal only arises from the overlap of the laser beam size and the non-ablated sample surface. [3] has revolutionized the investigation of biological molecules by providing soft ionization methods linking biochemistry with the powerful analysis tools of mass spectrometry (MS). In the analysis of complex samples, such as biological tissue, MALDI is of particular interest because of its ability to desorb and ionize molecules of high molecular weight, such as proteins and peptides, providing excellent sensitivity while retaining considerable tolerance towards salts and other small molecules found at high concentration in tissue. It has been roughly 10 years since the first published applications in which MALDI-MS was used to create a chemical images of substrates [4,5]. The intervening decade has seen a considerable growth in techniques and instrumentation for MALDI-MS imaging, developed largely by Caprioli and coworkers [6 -12] with contributions to sampling techniques [13][14][15][16] and instrumentation [17,18] provided by others.It is generally accepted that the maximal spatial imaging or profiling resolution of microprobe imaging techniques is determined by a combination of the size of the microprobe and the precision of the sample or microprobe positioning device. MALDI mass spectrometers typically use lasers having relatively large beam sizes (about 100 m diameter) in the analysis of standard, dried-droplet preparations. Some effort has been put into decreasing the size of the laser beam sizes for MALDI-MS imaging and profiling of biological samples, particularly for samples containing a high proportion of peptidergic neurons or other secretory cells. Investigated biological samples of this nature include rat pituitary and rat pancreas [6], mouse brain and human brain tumor xenografts [8,14], rat brain and rat brain tumors [9,19], mouse epididymis [20], molluscan atrial gland [15], and molluscan peptidergic neurons [16].Ideally, the spatial resolution of MALDI-MS imaging of analyte-rich tissues would approach the size of a single mammalian cell, 5 to 20 m in diameter. Several strategies have been used or suggested to decrease the laser beam diameter in imaging applications, including the placement of a pinhole aperture between the outlet of the laser and the focusing optics of the mass spectrometer [6,13], decreasing the size of the fiber optic used to direct the laser into the MALDI source [9], and placing multiple lenses between the laser and the M...