Spatial Properties of Central Vestibular Neurons of Monkeys After Bilateral Lateral Canal Nerve Section

Yakushin, Sergei B.; Raphan, Theodore; Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.; Suzuki, Jun–ichi; Cohen, Bernard

doi:10.1152/jn.01102.2004

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Changes in OKAN were reported earlier for the same animals (Yakushin et al 2005). Horizontal (yaw) OKAN was lost in both directions immediately after nerve section in M98079.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Data obtained by sinusoidal oscillation at frequencies 0.2–4 Hz from animal M9357 and from five additional animals tested at 0.2 Hz were previously reported (Yakushin et al 1995, 1998). After completion of data taking for the present study, spatial orientation of central vestibular neurons was tested in animals M97050 and M98079 at 0.2 Hz (Yakushin et al 2005). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) after semicircular canal plugging and canal nerve section

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated spatial responses of the aVOR to small and large accelerations in six canal-plugged and lateral canal nerve-sectioned monkeys. The aim was to determine whether there was spatial adaptation after partial and complete loss of all inputs in a canal plane. Impulses of torques generated head thrusts of ≈3,000°/s2. Smaller accelerations of ≈300°/s2 initiated the steps of velocity (60°/s). Animals were rotated about a spatial vertical axis while upright (0°) or statically tilted fore-aft up to ±90°. Temporal aVOR yaw and roll gains were computed at every head orientation and were fit with a sinusoid to obtain the spatial gains and phases. Spatial gains peaked at ≈0° for yaw and ≈90° for roll in normal animals. After bilateral lateral canal nerve section, the spatial yaw and roll gains peaked when animals were tilted back ≈50°, to bring the intact vertical canals in the plane of rotation. Yaw and roll gains were identical in the lateral canal nerve-sectioned monkeys tested with both low- and high-acceleration stimuli. The responses were close to normal for high-acceleration thrusts in canal-plugged animals, but were significantly reduced when these animals were given step stimuli. Thus, high accelerations adequately activated the plugged canals, whereas yaw and roll spatial aVOR gains were produced only by the intact vertical canals after total loss of lateral canal input. We conclude that there is no spatial adaptation of the aVOR even after complete loss of specific semicircular canal input.

show abstract

“…Changes in OKAN were reported earlier for the same animals (Yakushin et al 2005). Horizontal (yaw) OKAN was lost in both directions immediately after nerve section in M98079.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) after semicircular canal plugging and canal nerve section

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our finding that plugging generated substantial changes in the COR further indicates that there are differences in how the COR adapts following neurectomy. Our hypothesis is that bilateral canal nerve section abolishes spontaneous activity of vestibular neurons both peripherally and centrally (Yakushin et al 2005), while plugging maintains central integrity (Goldberg and Fernandes 1975; Sadeghi et al 2009b) that allows the neck afferents to access vestibulo-ocular neurons to implement the adaptive changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary gain modifications of the cervico-ocular (COR) and angular vestibulo-ocular (aVOR) reflexes after canal plugging

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To determine whether the COR compensates for the loss of aVOR gain, independent of species, we studied cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys in which all six semicircular canals were plugged. Gains and phases of the aVOR and COR were determined at frequencies ranging from 0.02 to 6 Hz and fit with model-based transfer functions. Following canal plugging in a rhesus monkey, the acute stage aVOR gain was small and there were absent responses to thrusts of yaw rotation. In the chronic state, aVOR behavior was characterized by a cupula/endolymph time constant of ≈0.07 s, responding only to high frequencies of head rotation. COR gains were ≈0 before surgery but increased to ≈0.15 at low frequencies just after surgery; the COR gains increased to ≈0.4 over the next 12 weeks. Nine weeks after surgery, the summated aVOR + COR responses compensated for head velocity in space in the 0.5–3 Hz frequency range. The gains and phases continued to improve until the 35th week, where the combined aVOR + COR stabilized with gains of ≈0.5–0.6 and the phases were compensatory over all frequencies. Two cynomolgus monkeys operated 3–12 years earlier had similar frequency characteristics of the aVOR and COR. The combined aVOR + COR gains were ≈0.4–0.8 with compensatory phases. To achieve gains close to 1.0, other mechanisms may contribute to gaze compensation, especially with the head free. Thus, while there are individual variations in the time of adaptation of the gain and phase parameters, the essential functional organization of the adaption to vestibular lesions is uniform across these species.

show abstract

“…These maladaptive head shakes occurred in a midto high-frequency range. As afferent head motion signals became available, central compensation more similar to that occurring following a partial vestibular loss could begin (Galiana et al 2001;Yakushin et al 2005), which resulted in reduced error in the VCR and CCR responses. Maintenance of a stable head position relative to gravity appears to be vital for stabilizing motor behavior in birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Gaze Stability During Vestibular Regeneration

Haque

Zakir²,

Dickman³

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Haque A, Zakir M, Dickman JD. Recovery of gaze stability during vestibular regeneration. J Neurophysiol 99: 853-865, 2008. First published November 11, 2007 doi:10.1152/jn.01038.2007. Many motion related behaviors, such as gaze stabilization, balance, orientation, and navigation largely depend on a properly functioning vestibular system. After vestibular insult, many of these responses are compromised but can return during the regeneration of vestibular receptors and afferents as is known to occur in birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Here we characterize gaze stability in pigeons to rotational motion during regeneration after complete bilateral vestibular loss via an ototoxic antibiotic. Immediate postlesion effects included severe head oscillations, postural ataxia, and total lack of gaze control. We found that these abnormal behaviors gradually subsided, and gaze stability slowly returned to normal function according to a temporal sequence that lasted several months. We also found that the dynamic recovery of gaze function during regeneration was not homogeneous for all types of motion. Instead high-frequency motion stability was first achieved, followed much later by slow movement stability. In addition, we found that initial gaze stability was established using almost exclusive head-response components with little eye-movement contribution. However, that trend reversed as recovery progressed so that when gaze stability was complete, the eye component had increased and the head response had decreased to levels significantly different from that observed in normal birds. This was true even though the head-fixed VOR response recovered normally. Recovery of gaze stability coincided well with the three stage temporal sequence of morphologic regeneration previously described by our laboratory.

show abstract

Spatial Properties of Central Vestibular Neurons of Monkeys After Bilateral Lateral Canal Nerve Section

Cited by 12 publications

References 92 publications

Spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) after semicircular canal plugging and canal nerve section

Spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) after semicircular canal plugging and canal nerve section

Complementary gain modifications of the cervico-ocular (COR) and angular vestibulo-ocular (aVOR) reflexes after canal plugging

Recovery of Gaze Stability During Vestibular Regeneration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About