Spatial relations of human chromosomes identified by quinacrine fluorescence at metaphase

Warburton, D.; Naylor, Alfred F.; Warburton, Frederick E.

doi:10.1007/bf00291126

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has been proposed that an association of homologous chromosomes as observed in diptera [21,30] and some plant species [23,[32][33][34] occurs also in mammalian cells ( [24,26,[35][36][37][38]; for contrary findings see e.g. [36,37,39,40]). In our experiments karyograms analyzed so far (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unscheduled DNA synthesis after partial UV irradiation of the cell nucleus

Zorn¹,

Cremer²,

Cremer

et al. 1979

Experimental Cell Research

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SUMMARYCells of an euploid strain of the Chinese hamster synchronized in the GI phase were microirradiated in the nucIeus with a laser UV microbeam (A=257 nm) and pulse-labelled with [3H]thymidine. In autoradiographs of cells fixed immediately after the pulse unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was found restricted to tbe microirradiated part of the nueleus. Tbe rate of UDS varied with the UV energy applied and the post-irradiation incubation time. In other experiments chromosome preparations were established after an additional chase and a subsequent growth period. In 28 mitotic cells autoradiographic label was found concentrated on a few chromosomes which lay adjacent to each other in one part of the metaphase plate. The distribution of label on the chromosomes could clearly be distinguished from patterns wh ich originate from semi-conservative DNA synthesis within S phase. The label on chromosomes of microirradiated cells thus represents UDS. Dur findings support the following ideas on the arrangement of interphase chromosomes: (1) Decondensed interphase chromosomes may occupy rather compact territories. (2) Chromosomes do not necessarily exhibit a elose and permanent association with their respective homologues.Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into non-S phase cells (unscheduled DNA synthesis, UDS [1]) has been observed in cells of different origin after treatment with DNA damaging agents [2]. UDS observed after UV microirradiation of tissue culture cells [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] has recently been introduced as a tool to investigate the correlation of the chromosome arrangement in metaphase and in interphase. Sakharov et al. [8,9] performed UV microirradiation of anaphase chromosomes and used UDS to relocate the irradiated chromatin in the nuclei of daughter cells. An investigation of the arrangement of interphase chromosomes using this approach is, however, limited for two reasons: (a) In general chromosomes can be only very poody identified within a living mitotic cell; and (b) the arrangement established after irradiation might be abnormal due to UV-induced alterations (e.g. stickiness) of the irradiated chromatin [7]. These limitations do not apply to an approach in which the cell is irradiated du ring interphase and the irradiated chromatin is identified in chromosome preparations made in the following metaphase. In this case the cell is allowed to establish the interphase arrangement of chromosomes prior to irradiation. The identification of the irradiated chromatin in the next metaphase would allow to investigate this arrangement. This analysis Exp Cell Res /24 (/979)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unscheduled DNA synthesis after partial UV irradiation of the cell nucleus

Zorn¹,

Cremer²,

Cremer

et al. 1979

Experimental Cell Research

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show abstract

“…Presumably, such an orderly distribution would be functionally important (Barr and Ellison, 1972;Warburton et al, 1973;Vogel and Schroeder, 1974;Singh et al, 1976). However, to discuss such considerations in detail, it is first necessary to know which chromosomes or chromosome segments of a given cell type, at a given stage of the cell cycle, are a) regularly associated with each other, b) regularly not associated, and c) associated at random.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of these methods has its limitations: (i) does not reveal the distribution of euchromatic chromosome segments; (ii) is based on the assumption (which has been questioned by Warburton et al, 1973;Schmid et al, 1975;and Singh et al, 1976) that the interphase chromosome arrangement is largely unchanged by the onset of mitosis and the methods of preparation. The validity of (iii) depends on the extent to which the frequency of chromatid interchanges is influenced not only by spatial relationships but by other unknown factors which would give a distorted picture of the internal order of the interphase nucleus (Comings, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous papers report a non-random arrangement of metaphase chromosomes (Comings, 1968;Vogel and Schroeder, 1974;Schmid et al, 1975), while other authors find at best only a small tendency towards a non-random distribution (Warburton et al, 1973). In particular, results which concern the association of homologous chromosomes are at variance (Vogel and Schroeder, 1974;Comings, 1975;Hens et al, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, results which concern the association of homologous chromosomes are at variance (Vogel and Schroeder, 1974;Comings, 1975;Hens et al, 1975). Since there is so little agreement on the kinds of spatial relationships that exist between chromosomes in mammalian cells (Warburton et al, 1973), the introduction of new, independent and more direct methods of establishing the internal order of the interphase nucleus seems highly desirable. Such an approach may be offered by UV microirradiation:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser UV microirradiation of interphase nuclei and post-treatment with caffeine

Zorn

Cremer

et al. 1976

Hum Genet

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Summary.Laser UV microirradiation of Chinese hamster interphase cells combined with caffeine post-treatment produced different patterns of chromosome damage in mitosis following irradiation of a small area of the nucleus that may be classified in three categories: I) intact metaphase figures, II) chromosome damage confined to a small area of the metaphase spread, III) mitotic figures with damage on all chromosomes. Category III might be the consequence of a non-localized distortion of nuclear metabolism. By contrast, category II may reflect localized DNA damage induced by microirradiation, which could not be efficiently repaired due to the effect of caffeine. If this interpretation is right, in metaphase figures of category II chromosome damage should occur only at the irradiation site. The effect might then be used to investigate neighbourhood relationships of individual chromosomes in the interphase nucleus.

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High degree of satellite association and decreased nucleolar organizer activity in cystic fibrosis subjects

et al. 1987

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The effect of colchicine at concentrations of 0.25 X 10(-6) M, 1.0 X 10(-6) M, and 2.0 X 10(-6) M on the degree of satellite association (SA) was estimated in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes of individuals in the following groups: cystic fibrosis (CF) children, obligatory CF heterozygotes, control children, and control adults. In all four groups increasing colchicine concentration caused a higher degree of SA. The degree of SA differed between the two control age groups (children vs adults) only at the lowest concentration. CF patients had a significantly higher degree of SA than CF heterozygotes and than control individuals at all colchicine concentrations; CF heterozygotes had a significantly higher degree of SA than control adults at the low and intermediate concentrations. There was a strong interaction between genotype and colchicine concentration: the differences between the CF patients and the control individuals were most distinct at the intermediate concentration and between the carriers and the control individuals at the low colchicine concentration. Colchicine had no effect on the activity of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), as measured by the frequency of the silver-stained NORs (AgNORs), while the frequency of AgNORs in CF patients was significantly lower as compared to control individuals. Yet, the increase in the degree of SA caused by the CF mutant allele involved specifically the satellited chromosomes carrying active NORs.

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Spatial relations of human chromosomes identified by quinacrine fluorescence at metaphase

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Unscheduled DNA synthesis after partial UV irradiation of the cell nucleus

Unscheduled DNA synthesis after partial UV irradiation of the cell nucleus

Laser UV microirradiation of interphase nuclei and post-treatment with caffeine

High degree of satellite association and decreased nucleolar organizer activity in cystic fibrosis subjects

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