Spatial relationships between the morphologies and innervations of the scalene and anterior vertebral muscles

Sakamoto, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2011.11.004

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The study of 26 cadavers, 52 sides by Sakamoto (2012) revealed that the scalenus anterior arose from the cervical vertebrae as follows: from the third-sixth, on the right side 12 times and on the left 11 (44.2%), including 10 symmetrical cases (38.5%); fourth-sixth, on the right side 12 times and on the left 14 times (50.0%), including 10 symmetrical cases (38.5%); and fifth-sixth, on the right side twice and on the left once (5.8%), including one symmetrical case (3.8%). The scalenus anterior was bilaterally inserted into the first rib (100%).…”

Section: Scalenus Anterior (Anterior Scalene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of 26 cadavers, 52 sides by Sakamoto (2012) revealed that the scalenus medius could be divided into dorsal and ventral parts, although they occasionally connected with tendinous or muscular fibers, and reported the origins and insertions of those two parts. The ventral part arose from the cervical vertebrae as follows: from the third-seventh, on the right side six times and on the left four (19.2%), including three symmetrical cases (11.5%); and fourth-seventh, on the right side 20 times and on the left 22 (80.8%), including 19 symmetrical cases (73.1%).…”

Section: Scalenus Medius (Middle Scalene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of 26 cadavers, 52 sides by Sakamoto (2012) revealed that the roots of the brachial plexus passed between the scalenus anterior and the ventral part of the scalenus medius, and there were positional anomalies bilaterally in four cases (15.4%) and unilaterally in six (23.1%). The anomalies were found on the right and left sides seven times each (26.9%), and one unilateral case contained two anomalies on the right side (1.9%).…”

Section: Scalenus Medius (Middle Scalene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevertebral and Craniocervical Junction Muscles

Sakamoto

2016

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

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Section: Scalenus Anterior (Anterior Scalene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scalenus Medius (Middle Scalene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scalenus Medius (Middle Scalene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevertebral and Craniocervical Junction Muscles

Sakamoto

2016

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

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“…The authors suggest that the UT perforating the ASM may cause TOS even with minimal muscular hypertonicity [9]. Sakamoto [18] conducted a study on 26 cadavers and reported the C5 perforating the ASM bilaterally in 1 cadaver. These papers do not contain descriptions of the C5 and C6 perforating the ASM simultaneously.…”

Section: Radunovic Et Al the Brachial Plexus -Anatomic Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in the formation of the BP's trunks [4,7,[23][24][25], as well as in their relation to the scalene muscles [5,18], have been described in the literature. Certain variations are linked to the neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) [9], due to the proximity of the muscle fibres and the nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral anatomic variation in the relation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus to the anterior scalene muscle

et al. 2015

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The brachial plexus represents a field of many anatomical variations with important clinical implications, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). The case described in this paper presented a novel bilateral variation in the relation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus to the anterior scalene muscle. The ventral rami of the C5 and C6 spinal nerves perforated the anterior scalene muscle simultaneously through a common opening, and joined to form the upper trunk. Previous literature reports described variations of the brachial plexus and the scalene muscles, as well as the embryological basis for their presence. The case reported herein helps to improve the comprehension of the TOS, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutical approach to this syndrome. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 195-198)

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Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in adult cadavers: A descriptive study and clinical significance

Han,

An,

Zilundu

et al. 2024

Microsurgery

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BackgroundBrachial plexus injury is recognized as one of the most severe clinical challenges due to the complex anatomical configuration of the brachial plexus and its propensity for variation, which complicates safe clinical interventions. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and characterize the types of brachial plexus variations, and to elucidate their clinical implications.Materials and MethodsWe conducted meticulous dissections of 60 formalin‐fixed cadavers' upper arm, axilla and lower neck to reveal and assess the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus. The pattern of branching was noted by groups of dissecting medical students and confirmed by the senior anatomists. The variations discovered were record and photographed using a digital camera for further analysis.ResultsVariations in the brachial plexus were identified in 40 of the 60 cadavers, yielding a prevalence rate of 66.7%. These variations were classified into root anomalies (2.1%), trunk anomalies (8.5%), division anomalies (2.1%), and cord anomalies (4.3%). Notably, anomalies in communicating branches were observed in 39 cadavers (83.0%): 14 with bilateral anomalies, 14 with anomalies on the left side, and 11 on the right side. These communicating branches formed connections between the roots and other segments, including trunks, cords, and terminal nerves, and involved the median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar nerves.ConclusionThe frequency and diversity of brachial plexus variations, particularly in communicating branches, are significant in cadavers. It is imperative that these variations are carefully considered during the diagnostic process, treatment planning, and prior to procedures such as supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and nerve transfers, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic complications.

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Spatial relationships between the morphologies and innervations of the scalene and anterior vertebral muscles

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Prevertebral and Craniocervical Junction Muscles

Prevertebral and Craniocervical Junction Muscles

Bilateral anatomic variation in the relation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus to the anterior scalene muscle

Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in adult cadavers: A descriptive study and clinical significance

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