Spatial representations activated during real‐time comprehension of verbs

Richardson, Daniel C.; Spivey, Michael J.; Barsalou, Lawrence W.; Masamune, Ken

doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2705_4

Cited by 289 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Richardson et al (2003) found that readers simulate horizontal and vertical paths to predict the meanings of concrete and abstract verbs (e.g. push versus lift, argue versus respect).…”

Section: Simulations and Situated Conceptualizations As Sources Of Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, Situated Conceptualization, and Prediction

Barsalou¹

2011

Predictions in the Brain

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Based on accumulating evidence, simulation appears to be a basic computational mechanism in the brain that supports a broad spectrum of processes from perception to social cognition. Further evidence suggests that simulation is typically situated, with the situated character of experience in the environment being reflected in the situated character of the representations that underlie simulation. A basic architecture is sketched of how the brain implements situated simulation. Within this framework, simulators implement the concepts that underlie knowledge, and situated conceptualizations capture patterns of multi-modal simulation associated with frequently experienced situations. A pattern completion inference mechanism uses current perception to activate situated conceptualizations that produce predictions via simulations on relevant modalities. Empirical findings from perception, action, working memory, conceptual processing, language and social cognition illustrate how this framework produces the extensive prediction that characterizes natural intelligence.

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“…Richardson et al (2003) found that readers simulate horizontal and vertical paths to predict the meanings of concrete and abstract verbs (e.g. push versus lift, argue versus respect).…”

Section: Simulations and Situated Conceptualizations As Sources Of Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, Situated Conceptualization, and Prediction

Barsalou¹

2011

Predictions in the Brain

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“…Third, spatial information is more often used for metaphor and analogy than bodily information, probably in part because it is better structured. Fourth, spatial representations are automatically activated during comprehension, even when the spatial implications are abstract, such as in verbs like respect and succeed (Richardson et al 2003). Fifth, mental simulations used to understand or imagine events always require a spatial component, but not necessarily a bodily one.…”

Section: Spatial Image-schemas Versus Bodily Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial foundations of the conceptual system

Mandler

2010

Lang Cognition

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This article proposes that the representation of concepts in infancy is in the form of spatial image-schemas. A mechanism that simplifies spatial information is described along with a small set of spatial primitives that are sufficient to account for the conceptualizations that preverbal infants use to interpret objects and events. This early system is important to understand because it organizes the adult conceptual system of objects and events and remains its core. With development, the system becomes enriched by language in several ways, and also by means of analogical extension to nonspatial information. Nonspatial bodily information, such as feelings of force and motor activity, is also added, but remains secondary. It becomes associated with spatial representations, but except for its spatial aspects is represented in a more inchoate and less accessible fashion.

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“…Three other studies demonstrated that common spatial and temporal relationships between concepts and events are also used in on-line language comprehension. Richardson et al (2003) obtained evidence that verbs access typical spatial properties of their corresponding actions. In their paradigm, participants listened to verbs that commonly refer to vertical actions (e.g., "smash") or horizontal actions (e.g., "point").…”

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confidence: 99%

23 Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Human Comprehension

Sitnikova¹,

Holcomb²,

Kuperberg³

2008

Understanding Events

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This chapter begins with a discussion of evidence for distinctions between two semantic comprehension systems in the language domain: a system that maps the perceived information on graded semantic representations and a system that utilizes particular semantic requirements of verbs. It then reviews similar research using static and motion pictures. It argues that the two mechanisms of language comprehension might be analogous to the systems that use graded semantic representations and action-based requirements to make sense of the visual world. The experiments that are reviewed in this chapter examine questions of both how comprehenders understand relationships between the elements within individual events and how they understand the relationships between events. Experiments that have used event-related potentials (ERPs) are also highlighted.

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Spatial representations activated during real‐time comprehension of verbs

Cited by 289 publications

References 32 publications

Simulation, Situated Conceptualization, and Prediction

Simulation, Situated Conceptualization, and Prediction

The spatial foundations of the conceptual system

23 Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Human Comprehension

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