“…Meanwhile, the last decade has witnessed a growing interest in extending the AFM measurements beyond the sample's surface to probe subsurface properties in complex multiphase nanostructures, by exploring a wide range of AFM configurations and modes. [1] Methods reported in the literature have covered local mechanical properties of the underlying systems such as biological cells, [2,3] interfacial properties related to induced mismatching stresses or local charges or dipoles formation, [4][5][6] charge carriers and doping properties, [7] embedded structures of different chemistries such as polymers or thin films, [8][9][10][11] carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanowires (NWs), [12][13][14][15] 2D materials, [16] nanoparticles (NPs), [17,18] and embedded air cavities [19] or confined water structures. [20] These works have explored the capabilities of the AFM to probe the evolving changes in the mechanical deflection of the cantilever or the dynamic vibrational amplitudes, [3,6,8,16] the frequency variations of acoustically generated signals, [19,21,22] microwave signals, [18,23,24] near-field infrared signal, [25] and electrostatic fields.…”