Spatial selectivity of the watercolor effect

Devinck, Frédéric; Gerardin, Peggy; Dojat, Michel; Knoblauch, Kenneth

doi:10.1364/josaa.31.0000a1

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…One might however consider this method to be susceptible to the influence of response bias arising from incomplete/inappropriate instructions or prior knowledge of the participants for the stimuli or task. To compensate for this potential problem, in the last experiment, we used the maximum likelihood difference scaling method (MLDS: Maloney & Yang, 2003), which has been used as a rigorous psychophysical scaling method in many recent studies (Charrier et al, 2007;Devinck et al, 2014;Emrith et al, 2010;Fleming, Jäkel, & Maloney, 2011;Obein, Knoblauch, & Viénot, 2004). Here we estimated a psychophysical scale for perceived liquidness as a function of the discrete Laplacians of image motion vectors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing liquids from visual motion

et al. 2015

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Most research on human visual recognition focuses on solid objects, whose identity is defined primarily by shape. In daily life, however, we often encounter materials that have no specific form, including liquids whose shape changes dynamically over time. Here we show that human observers can recognize liquids and their viscosities solely from image motion information. Using a two-dimensional array of noise patches, we presented observers with motion vector fields derived from diverse computer rendered scenes of liquid flow. Our observers perceived liquid-like materials in the noise-based motion fields, and could judge the simulated viscosity with surprising accuracy, given total absence of non-motion information including form. We find that the critical feature for apparent liquid viscosity is local motion speed, whereas for the impression of liquidness, image statistics related to spatial smoothness-including the mean discrete Laplacian of motion vectors-is important. Our results show the brain exploits a wide range of motion statistics to identify non-solid materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing liquids from visual motion

et al. 2015

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“…The second method-magnitude difference compari-son-has been considered by Maloney and Yang (Knoblauch & Maloney, 2008;Maloney & Yang, 2003) and requires observers to consider quadruples of stimuli that define two intervals and to select the pair of stimuli that shows the greater perceptual difference. This method has been applied to a range of perceptual dimensions: color (Brown, Lindsey, & Guckes, 2011;Lindsey et al, 2010;Maloney & Yang, 2003;Yang, Szeverenyi, & Ts'o, 2008), quality of compressed images or video (Charrier, Knoblauch, Maloney, & Bovik, 2011;Charrier, Knoblauch, Maloney, Bovik, & Moorthy, 2012;Charrier, Maloney, Cherifi, & Knoblauch, 2007;Menkovski & Liotta, 2012), surface texture (Emrith, Chantler, Green, Maloney, & Clarke, 2010), gloss (Obein, Knoblauch, & Viénot, 2004), transparency (Fleming, Jaekel, & Maloney, 2011), strength of the watercolor effect (Devinck, Gerardin, Dojat, & Knoblauch, 2014;Devinck & Knoblauch, 2012), similarity between pairs of faces (Rhodes, Maloney, Turner, & Ewing, 2007), correlation in scatterplots (Knoblauch & Maloney, 2008), auditory stimulus duration (Yang et al, 2008), and emotional intensity (Junge & Reisenzein, 2013). In this article we investigate whether there is a single internal interval scale of order for point patterns that underlies the perception of order both for discrimination and perceptual difference tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference magnitude is not measured by discrimination steps for order of point patterns

2016

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We have shown in previous work that the perception of order in point patterns is consistent with an interval scale structure (Protonotarios, Baum, Johnston, Hunter, & Griffin, 2014). The psychophysical scaling method used relies on the confusion between stimuli with similar levels of order, and the resulting discrimination scale is expressed in just-noticeable differences (jnds). As with other perceptual dimensions, an interesting question is whether suprathreshold (perceptual) differences are consistent with distances between stimuli on the discrimination scale. To test that, we collected discrimination data, and data based on comparison of perceptual differences. The stimuli were jittered square lattices of dots, covering the range from total disorder (Poisson) to perfect order (square lattice), roughly equally spaced on the discrimination scale. Observers picked the most ordered pattern from a pair, and the pair of patterns with the greatest difference in order from two pairs. Although the judgments of perceptual difference were found to be consistent with an interval scale, like the discrimination judgments, no common interval scale that could predict both sets of data was possible. In particular, the midpattern of the perceptual scale is 11 jnds away from the ordered end, and 5 jnds from the disordered end of the discrimination scale.

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“…Models to account for the WCE, therefore, typically include multiple levels of processing (Pinna et al, 2001;Pinna & Grossberg, 2005;von der Heydt & Pierson, 2006). We have recently shown (Devinck et al, 2014), for example, that the dependence of the strength of the WCE on the spatial frequency of the inducing contour width has a narrow tuning similar to a class of luminance-chromatic cells found in cortical area V1 of the macaque (Shapley & Hawken, 2011). Nevertheless, the spatial extent of V1 receptive fields and their interactions would seem to preclude this site as the substrate for the long-range filling-in phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strength of the WCE is influenced by several factors, including the relative luminances of the contours (Devinck, Delahunt, Hardy, Spillmann, & Werner, 2006;Devinck & Knoblauch, 2012), the width of the inducing contours (Pinna et al, 2001;Devinck, Gerardin, Dojat, & Knoblauch, 2014), and the continuity and contiguity of the contour pairs (Devinck & Spillmann, 2009). Most studies have assessed the strength of the effect with matching or hue cancellation Citation: Gerardin, P., Devinck, F., Dojat, M., & Knoblauch, K. (2014). Contributions of contour frequency, amplitude, and luminance to the watercolor effect estimated by conjoint measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of contour frequency, amplitude, and luminance to the watercolor effect estimated by conjoint measurement

et al. 2014

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The watercolor effect is a long-range, assimilative, filling-in phenomenon induced by a pair of distant, wavy contours of different chromaticities. Here, we measured joint influences of the contour frequency and amplitude and the luminance of the interior contour on the strength of the effect. Contour pairs, each enclosing a circular region, were presented with two of the dimensions varying independently across trials (luminance/frequency, luminance/amplitude, frequency/amplitude) in a conjoint measurement paradigm (Luce & Tukey, 1964). In each trial, observers judged which of the stimuli evoked the strongest fill-in color. Control stimuli were identical except that the contours were intertwined and generated little filling-in. Perceptual scales were estimated by a maximum likelihood method (Ho, Landy, & Maloney, 2008). An additive model accounted for the joint contributions of any pair of dimensions. As shown previously using difference scaling (Devinck & Knoblauch, 2012), the strength increases with luminance of the interior contour. The strength of the phenomenon was nearly independent of the amplitude of modulation of the contour but increased with its frequency up to an asymptotic level. On average, the strength of the effect was similar along a given dimension regardless of the other dimension with which it was paired, demonstrating consistency of the underlying estimated perceptual scales.

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Spatial selectivity of the watercolor effect

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Seeing liquids from visual motion

Seeing liquids from visual motion

Difference magnitude is not measured by discrimination steps for order of point patterns

Contributions of contour frequency, amplitude, and luminance to the watercolor effect estimated by conjoint measurement

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