Spatial seroprevalence of classical swine fever in India

Background and Aim: Pestivirus, a genus of the Flaviviridae family, comprises viruses that affect bovines, sheep, and pigs. Symptoms, including hemorrhagic syndromes, abortion, respiratory complications, and deadly mucosal diseases, are produced in infected animals, which cause huge economic losses to the farmers. Bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus-2, classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, Bungowannah, Hobi-like, and atypical porcine pestivirus belonging to the Pestivirus genus were selected for the study. This study aimed to estimate the codon usage bias and the rate of evolution using the glycoprotein E2 gene. Furthermore, codon usage bias analysis was performed using publicly available nucleotide sequences of the E2 gene of all seven Pestiviruses. These nucleotide sequences might elucidate the disease epidemiology and facilitate the development of designing better vaccines. Materials and Methods: Coding sequences of the E2 gene of Pestiviruses A (n = 89), B (n = 60), C (n = 75), D (n = 10), F (n = 07), H (n = 52), and K (n = 85) were included in this study. They were analyzed using different methods to estimate the codon usage bias and evolution. In addition, the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methodologies were employed to analyze a molecular dataset of seven Pestiviruses using a complete E2 gene region. Results: The combined analysis of codon usage bias and evolutionary rate analysis revealed that the Pestiviruses A, B, C, D, F, H, and K have a codon usage bias in which mutation and natural selection have played vital roles. Furthermore, while the effective number of codons values revealed a moderate bias, neutrality plots indicated the natural selection in A, B, F, and H Pestiviruses and mutational pressure in C, D, and K Pestiviruses. The correspondence analysis revealed that axis-1 significantly contributes to the synonymous codon usage pattern. In this study, the evolutionary rate of Pestiviruses B, H, and K was very high. The most recent common ancestors of all Pestivirus lineages are 1997, 1975, 1946, 1990, 2004, 1990, and 1990 for Pestiviruses A, B, C, D, F, H, and K, respectively. This study confirms that both mutational pressure and natural selection have played a significant role in codon usage bias and evolutionary studies. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the codon usage bias and evolutionary lineages of pestiviruses. It is arguably the first report of such kind. The information provided by the study can be further used to elucidate the respective host adaptation strategies of the viruses. In turn, this information helps study the epidemiology and control methods of pestiviruses.

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“…Usually, the 3' end of the genome has no Poly-A. RNA in the genome encodes both structural and nonstructural proteins [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first study on analysis of the codon usage bias and evolutionary analysis of the glycoprotein envelope E2 gene of seven Pestiviruses

et al. 2022

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“…CSF is endemic in India. The majority of states in India have reported CSF outbreaks (Patil et al 2021). The other members of the genus Pestivirus include BVDV and BDV (Righi et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of recombinant classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein instable High Five cells

BHARDWAJ,

DEKA,

VERMA

2024

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Classical swine fever is one of the most important viral diseases of domestic pigs and wild boar. It is a notifiable disease to the World Organization for Animal Health. In the present study, codon optimized CSFV E2 gene was cloned into a laboratory-modified insect cell expression vector for producing the recombinant protein in secretory form. Endotoxin-free recombinant plasmid prepared from the positive clone was transfected into the High Five insect cell line and then selected against zeocin antibiotic for the development of a stable cell line. The stable High Five cell line successfully secreted E2 recombinant protein with a molecular weight of ~65 kDa as revealed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The recombinant E2 protein showed efficient reactivity with known CSFV anti-serum and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs against E2) in dot blot assay indicating its potential as a diagnostic antigen.

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Spatial seroprevalence of classical swine fever in India

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

The first study on analysis of the codon usage bias and evolutionary analysis of the glycoprotein envelope E2 gene of seven Pestiviruses

The first study on analysis of the codon usage bias and evolutionary analysis of the glycoprotein envelope E2 gene of seven Pestiviruses

Expression of recombinant classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein instable High Five cells

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