Spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal analysis of polymer-modified paper substrates using fluorescence microscopy

Bump, Steven; Böhm, Alexander; Babel, Laura; Wendenburg, Sonja; Carstens, Franz; Schabel, Samuel; Biesalski, Markus; Meckel, Tobias

doi:10.1007/s10570-014-0499-5

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These results are consistent with Raman depth-scans and CLSM measurements 19 , which 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 indicate that the polymer only partially surrounds the cellulose fibers, favors to attach to the fiber surface, and remains absent from the inside of the fibers (Figure 6 and Figure 7). Moreover, the most intense polymer signals were always found in proximity to fine cellulose fibrils that bridge the adjacent fibers at the connection points of fiber crossings.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

et al. 2015

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The properties of paper sheets can be tuned by adjusting the surface or bulk chemistry using functional polymers that are applied during (online) or after (offline) papermaking processes. In particular, polymers are widely used to enhance the mechanical strength of the wet state of paper sheets. However, the mechanical strength depends not only on the chemical nature of the polymeric additives but also on the distribution of the polymer on and in the lignocellulosic paper. Here, we analyze the photochemical attachment and distribution of hydrophilic polydimethylacrylamide-co-methacrylate-benzophenone P(DMAA-co-MABP) copolymers with defined amounts of photoreactive benzophenone moieties in model paper sheets. Raman microscopy was used for the unambiguous identification of P(DMAA-co-MABP) and cellulose specific bands and thus the copolymer distribution within the cellulose matrix. Two-dimensional Raman spectral maps at the intersections of overlapping cellulose fibers document that the macromolecules only partially surround the cellulose fibers, favor to attach to the fiber surface, and connect the cellulose fibers at crossings. Moreover, the copolymer appears to accumulate preferentially in holes, vacancies, and dips on the cellulose fiber surface. Correlative brightfield, Raman, and confocal laser scanning microscopy finally reveal a reticular three-dimensional distribution of the polymer and show that the polymer is predominately deposited in regions of high capillarity (i.e., in proximity to fine cellulose fibrils). These data provide deeper insights into the effects of paper functionalization with a copolymer and aid in understanding how these agents ultimately influence the local and overall properties of paper.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

et al. 2015

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“…As mentioned above, there is a growing need for highly efficient continuous‐flow nanocatalysis with an excellent recycling system for truly green sustainable chemistry. To achieve this challenge, paper, which has been used traditionally on a daily basis, is expected to offer great potential for use as an efficient and recyclable flow reactor, because it has highly porous structures, a high absorption capacity for liquids, high stability in most solvents, is both hydrophilic and lipophilic nature, and is recyclable . Paper is composed of wood pulp fibers several tens of μm in width, which are derived from wood cells.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Wood Pulp Paper Reactor with Hierarchical Micro/Nanopores for Continuous‐Flow Nanocatalysis

et al. 2017

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Continuous‐flow nanocatalysis based on metal nanoparticle catalyst‐anchored flow reactors has recently provided an excellent platform for effective chemical manufacturing. However, there has been limited progress in porous structure design and recycling systems for metal nanoparticle‐anchored flow reactors to create more efficient and sustainable catalytic processes. In this study, traditional paper is used for a highly efficient, recyclable, and even renewable flow reactor by tailoring the ultrastructures of wood pulp. The “paper reactor” offers hierarchically interconnected micro‐ and nanoscale pores, which can act as convective‐flow and rapid‐diffusion channels, respectively, for efficient access of reactants to metal nanoparticle catalysts. In continuous‐flow, aqueous, room‐temperature catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol, a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐anchored paper reactor with hierarchical micro/nanopores provided higher reaction efficiency than state‐of‐the‐art AuNP‐anchored flow reactors. Inspired by traditional paper materials, successful recycling and renewal of AuNP‐anchored paper reactors were also demonstrated while high reaction efficiency was maintained.

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“…In recent studies, we used photoreactive copolymers carrying small amounts of photocrosslinkable 4-methacryloyloxybenzophenone (MABP) to functionalize a variety of paper substrates with either hydrophobic, hydrophilic, neutral, or charged surface coatings (Böhm et al, 2013a ; Bump et al, 2015 ) (Böhm, 2014 ; Wendenburg et al, 2017 ). The modification process of the fiber surface uses a simple yet very efficient CH-insertion reaction, in which a UV light-excited benzophenone moiety is linked to any aliphatic groups in close vicinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies were correlated with the results of confocal Raman microscopy and spectroscopy, showing that the copolymers even photocrosslinked between individual fibers. For details, see Janko et al ( 2015 ) or Bump et al ( 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach of establishing a functional polymeric coating with photoreactive copolymers offers a large variety of functional copolymers for use in similar fashion for fiber surface modification. Among these copolymers are polymeric architectures decorated with fluorescence markers (Böhm et al, 2013a ; Bump et al, 2015 ), active esters (Böhm, 2014 ; Wendenburg et al, 2017 ), or stimuli-responsive copolymers (Li et al, 2016 ). Because the polymer is coupled by a photochemical strategy, the application of photolithographic masks enables controlled local immobilization of the polymer within defined areas (Böhm et al, 2013b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Covalent Attachment of Enzymes to Paper Fibers for Paper-Based Analytical Devices

et al. 2018

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Due to its unique material properties, paper offers many practical advantages as a viable platform for sensing devices. In view of paper-based microfluidic biosensing applications, the covalent immobilization of enzymes with preserved functional activity is highly desirable and ultimately challenging. In the present manuscript, we report an efficient approach to achieving the covalent attachment of certain enzymes on paper fibers via a surface-bound network of hydrophilic polymers bearing protein-modifiable sites. This tailor-made macromolecular system consisting of polar, highly swellable copolymers is anchored to the paper exterior upon light-induced crosslinking of engineered benzophenone motifs. On the other hand, this framework contains active esters that can be efficiently modified by the nucleophiles of biomolecules. This strategy allowed the covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase onto cotton linters without sacrificing their bioactivities and performance upon surface binding. As a proof-of-concept application, a microfluidic chromatic paper-based glucose sensor was developed and achieved successful glucose detection in a simple yet efficient cascade reaction.

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Spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal analysis of polymer-modified paper substrates using fluorescence microscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy

Renewable Wood Pulp Paper Reactor with Hierarchical Micro/Nanopores for Continuous‐Flow Nanocatalysis

Covalent Attachment of Enzymes to Paper Fibers for Paper-Based Analytical Devices

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