Spatial summation and contrast sensitivity of X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque

Shapley, Robert; Kaplan, Ehud; Soodak, Robert E.

doi:10.1038/292543a0

Cited by 211 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Spatial frequency tuning, receptive field size, response tonicity, response to moving and flashing bars and spots, orientation and direction sensitivity, and sluggishness of response were also studied. Layer 4 cells were identified as X-or Y-type (Dreher et al, 1976;Shapley et al, 1981) based upon attributes such as response linearity, transientness of response, receptive field size, and response to rapid stimulus motion. Visual stimuli were generated on a Tektronix 608 display driven by a Picasso (Innisfree Electronics) image synthesizer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant sensitivity to orientation, direction, and color of cells in layers 2, 3, and 4 of monkey striate cortex

et al. 1995

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The receptive field properties of cells in layers 2, 3, and 4 of area 17 (V1) of the monkey were studied quantitatively using colored and broad-band gratings, bars, and spots. Many cells in all regions studied responded selectively to stimulus orientation, direction, and color. Nearly all cells (95%) in layers 2 and 3 exhibited statistically significant orientation preferences (biases), most exhibited at least some color sensitivity, and many were direction sensitive. The degree of selectivity of cells in layers 2 and 3 varied continuously among cells; we did not find discrete regions containing cells sensitive to orientation and direction but not color, and vice versa. There was no relationship between the degree of orientation sensitivity of the cells studied and their degree of color sensitivity. There was also no obvious relationship between the receptive field properties studied and the cells' location relative to cytochrome oxidase-rich regions. Our findings are difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that there is a strict segregation of cells sensitive to orientation, direction, and color in layers 2 and 3. In fact, the present results suggest the opposite since most cells in these layers are selective for a number of stimulus attributes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant sensitivity to orientation, direction, and color of cells in layers 2, 3, and 4 of monkey striate cortex

et al. 1995

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“…The retinotopic subcortical visual nucleithe superior colliculus (SC), the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and two pulvinar nuclei-are highly spatial selective (Allman et al, 1972;Cynader and Berman, 1972;Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972;Malpeli and Baker, 1975;Bender, 1981;Benevento and Standage, 1983;Cusick et al, 1993;Schneider et al, 2004;Kastner, 2005, 2009), but their nonspatial feature selectivity varies: neurons in the superficial layers of the SC respond well to many stimuli largely independent of contrast, orientation, size, shape, or velocity (Humphrey, 1968;Schiller and Koerner, 1971;Cynader and Berman, 1972;Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972;Schiller and Stryker, 1972;Marrocco and Li, 1977); LGN neurons are segregated into layers of monochromatic and quickly adapting magnocellular neurons and chromatic and more sustained parvocellular neurons (Wiesel and Hubel, 1966;Dreher et al, 1976;Creutzfeldt et al, 1979;Shapley et al, 1981;Derrington and Lennie, 1984;Merigan and Maunsell, 1993;Schneider et al, 2004;Solomon et al, 2004); and pulvinar neurons encode features such as direction of motion and orientation (Mathers and Rapisardi, 1973;Gattass et al, 1979;Benevento and Miller, 1981;Bender, 1982;Petersen et al, 1985;Merabet et al, 1998;Casanova et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcortical Mechanisms of Feature-Based Attention

Schneider

2011

Journal of Neuroscience

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The degree to which spatial and feature-based attention are governed by similar control mechanisms is not clear. To explore this issue, I measured, during conditions of spatial or feature-based attention, activity in the human subcortical visual nuclei, which have precise retinotopic maps and are known to play important roles in the regulation of spatial attention but have limited selectivity of nonspatial features. Subjects attended to and detected changes in separate fields of moving or colored dots. When the fields were disjoint, spatially attending to one field enhanced hemodynamic responses in the superior colliculus (SC), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and two retinotopic pulvinar nuclei. When the two dot fields were spatially overlapping, feature-based attention to the moving versus colored dots enhanced responses in the pulvinar nuclei and the majority of the LGN, including the magnocellular layers, and suppressed activity in some areas within the parvocellular layers; the SC was inconsistently modulated among subjects. The results demonstrate that featurebased attention operates throughout the visual system by prioritizing neurons encoding the attended information, including broadly tuned thalamic neurons. I conclude that spatial and feature-based attention operate via a common principle, but that spatial location is a special feature in that it is widely encoded in the brain, is used for overt orienting, and uses a specialized structure, the SC.

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“…The parvo cells have low contrast sensitivity and detect color and form, while the magno have high contrast sensitivity and detect motion. Parvo cells rarely respond well to luminance contrasts below 10%, whereas magno cells often respond to stimuli with contrasts as low as 2% (Purpura et al, 1988;Sclar et al, 1990;Shapley et al, 1981). In addition to these two, there are other types of ganglion axons that exist; the more common of these are the konio cells which are small bistratified cells (Kaas et al, 1978).…”

Section: Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parvo cells are also characterized as having a sustained response while the magno have a transient response (Purpura et al, 1990;Schiller & Malpeli, 1978). At any given eccentricity, parvo cells have a higher spatial resolution, lower contrast sensitivity, slower conduction velocity, and a more sustained response than do magno cells (Shapley et al, 1981). The parvo cells have low contrast sensitivity and detect color and form, while the magno have high contrast sensitivity and detect motion.…”

Section: Ganglion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends of fMRI in Vision Science: A Review

Kashou¹

2012

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Advanced Neuroimaging Applications

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Spatial summation and contrast sensitivity of X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque

Cited by 211 publications

References 16 publications

Concomitant sensitivity to orientation, direction, and color of cells in layers 2, 3, and 4 of monkey striate cortex

Concomitant sensitivity to orientation, direction, and color of cells in layers 2, 3, and 4 of monkey striate cortex

Subcortical Mechanisms of Feature-Based Attention

Current Trends of fMRI in Vision Science: A Review

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