Spatial-Temporal Variations for Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Hengshui Lake of China

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal variations of heavy metals in wetland sediment can delineate the changes in possible contamination sources, providing valuable conservation strategies for further wetland management. Using the pollution index, enrichment factors, and potential ecological risk index, the spatial and temporal variations in heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) were evaluated in Hengshui Lake in north China in 2005 and 2020. The results demonstrated that the concentrations and assessment index for most heavy metals all decreased, with that of As decreasing the most (−54.3%), which mainly benefited from the implementation of a series of ecological conservation and restoration projects. Although the assessment indexes for most heavy metals indicated non-pollution status, Hg and Cd exhibited medium enrichment and moderate potential ecological risk. Especially for Cd, the related indexes increased by 860.0%, mainly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the high pollution was mainly distributed nearby the regions of dense enterprises and wastewater overflow zone (i.e., Wangkou sluice, the Jizhou Small Lake and its causeway). This was primarily attributed to the discharge of industrial wastewater and Cd-polluted ecological diversion water. These findings demonstrated the necessity of the continued and targeted implementation of wetland conservation and restoration projects and identified possible contamination sources and important pollution regions that could provide insights into contamination control options and targeted management strategies for Hengshui Lake.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Irrigation Water of Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

“…It is a useful tool for assessing the magnitude of contamination and distinguishing the sources (anthropogenic or natural sources) of heavy metals calculated in soil and street dust [37]. Recently, the EF value has been broadly used to evaluate the contamination status of heavy metals in environmental samples [37][38][39][40]. Based on Buat-Menard and Chesselet [36], the EF Eq.…”

Assessment of toxic metal contamination, distribution and risk in the sediments from lagoons used for fish farming in the central region of Peru

“…These results are similar to those obtained by [45] who reported As and Cd concentrations in sediments higher than the interim sediment quality guidelines. The high concentration of As in lake sediments could be attributed to anthropogenic activities such as intensive fish farming and agriculture that misuse arsenic fertilizers and pesticides [7] and Cd could be due to low input from streams to lagoons causing precipitation of Cd in the sediments, increasing its concentration [34] . The mean concentrations of the other metals were lower than the UCC reference values [53] , threshold effect levels (TEL) and probable effect levels (PEL) [14] .…”

Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water

“…Liu et al, (2005) recorded EF>1.0 of heavy metals in agricultural soils with sewage irrigation, indicating that the concentration of each metal in the soils tended to increase. In the Hengshui Lake of China, Cd was moderately enriched, while Pb showed light enrichment by Liu et al (2022).…”

“…It is a useful tool for assessing the magnitude of contamination and distinguishing the sources (anthropogenic or natural sources) of heavy metals calculated in soil and street dust (Dat et al 2021). Recently, the EF value has been broadly used to evaluate the contamination status of heavy metals in environmental samples (Alnuwaiser 2022;Dat et al 2021;Liu et al 2022;Nguyen et al 2021). Based on Buat-Menard and Chesselet (1979), the EF equation (Eq.)…”