Spatial–temporal variations of spring drought based on spring-composite index values for the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Song, Xiaoyan; Li, Lijuan; Fu, Guobin; Li, Jiuyi; Zhang, Aijing; Liu, Wenbin; Zhang, Kai

doi:10.1007/s00704-013-0957-2

Cited by 77 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The spring version (s-CI) of the CI index was particularly exploited to identify dry periods during spring months (April and May), when most droughts occur. Considering that the main antecedent factor affecting spring drought is the previous autumn's precipitation (Sun and Bai, 2005), the s-CI index has already been introduced (Song et al, 2014); its performance and spatio-temporal variations with respect to similar indices were presented for the Songnen Plain, a sub-region of the Songhua River Basin. The SPI 3 in s-CI was constructed using the precipitation of the previous September-November (SPI 3(11) ).…”

Section: Extreme Precipitation and Drought Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trend also alters the estimation of serial correlations. To remove the serial autocorrelation in the MK test, the "trend-free-prewhitening" procedure was employed (Song et al, 2014;Yue et al, 2002).…”

Section: Mann-kendall Trend Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composite index (CI) is better for evaluating droughts than the precipitation indexes in the basin. CI combines meteorological variables, such as precipitation and evapotranspiration, and standardizes drought conditions at different time scales (Song et al, 2014). Therefore, the drought events were investigated based on the CI on a monthly scale.…”

Section: Maximum 5-day Precipitation and Composite Index On A Monthlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the influences of recent and accumulated precipitation and evapotranspiration, the composite drought index (CI) provided by the National Climate Center of China performs relatively better than other drought indices that are solely based on precipitation (Song et al, 2014). Therefore, the CI has been considered for drought monitoring and analysis (Zou et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent changes in extreme precipitation and drought over the Songhua River Basin, China, during 1960–2013

Song

Sun

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Research

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159

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Based on ten indices of extreme precipitation and one drought index (composite index, CI), the trends in extreme events were investigated using a Mann-Kendall non-parametric method at 39 stations in the Songhua River Basin (SHB) during 1960-2013. The regionally averaged wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT) increased at a rate of 1.65 mm/year (R 2 = 0.28, P = 0.13), in which 82% of the stations experienced increases, but only 4 stations showed significant positive trends. The annual R95 and R99 exhibited slight upward trends at rates of 1.37 (R 2 = 0.21, P = 0.27) and 1.28 mm/year (R 2 = 0.23, P = 0.23) over the last 54 years; however, there were not significant trends in R95 and R99 at the 0.05 level. PRCPTOT, R95 and R99 showed similar spatial trends, in which positive trends mainly occurred in the northern and southeastern basins. The trends in the maximum 1-day precipitation (RX1day) and maximum 5-day precipitation (RX5day) do not show a prevalent trend (approximately 50% of the stations have a positive trend and the remaining stations have a negative trend). The simple daily intensity index (SDII) significantly decreased at an annual rate of 0.02 mm/d during 1960-2013 (R 2 = 0.66, P b 0.01); spatially, 49% of the stations experienced statistically significant decreases at the 0.05 level based on the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. The regionally averaged heavy (R10mm) and very heavy precipitation days (R20mm) and consecutive wet days (CWD) showed no significant trends during the past 54 years; however, several individual extreme precipitation events, such as the flood of 1998 in the SHB, were well detected by these indices. The regionally averaged consecutive dry days (CDD) significantly increased (R 2 = 0.79, P b 0.01) at a rate of 0.22 days/year from 1960 to 2013. All of the stations exhibited statistically significant increases in CDD, excluding the Tongyu station in the western basin. The monthly RX5day values were highest in summer, from June to August, in the SHB; a peak occurred in July (67.5 mm) in the SHB during 1960-2013. The CI peaked in July, with the highest value of 0.2 in the SHB during 1960-2013. However, the two lowest CI values occurred in spring and fall, with values of −0.56 and −0.41, respectively. During April and May, when most of the spring drought events occur, a prevalent trend does not exist; moreover, almost no stations have statistically significant CI increases. In August and September, respectively 79% and 97% of the stations exhibited a CI negative trend, but only 2 and 6 stations showed significant decreases at the 0.05 level. The increasing extreme climate events present a challenge for local water resources management.

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Section: Extreme Precipitation and Drought Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mann-kendall Trend Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maximum 5-day Precipitation and Composite Index On A Monthlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent changes in extreme precipitation and drought over the Songhua River Basin, China, during 1960–2013

Song

Sun

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Research

Self Cite

159

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“…Zhai et al (2010) calculated the frequency of dry and wet years using the PDSI and SPI, indicating upward dry tendencies for three northeastern basins during the period 1961-2005. Using the spring-composite index, Song et al (2014) investigated the spatial and temporal variations of spring drought in Northeast China from 1959 to 2010. However, regional studies focusing on dry spells are still lacking for Northeast China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged dry episodes over Northeast China during the period 1961–2012

Kong

Zheng

et al. 2014

Theor Appl Climatol

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Spatial and temporal changes of prolonged dry episodes, defined by the 90th percentile of consecutive norain days (<1 mm/day) in both the wet (May to September) and dry seasons (October to April), were investigated using daily precipitation data of 72 meteorological stations over Northeast China from 1961 to 2012. Increasing trends are detected for the prolonged dry episode duration at 94.4 % of the stations in the wet season, and 26.5 % of these increasing trends are statistically significant at the 5 % level. In the dry season, 77.8 % of the stations show decreasing trends, and 32.1 % of these decreasing trends are significant at the 5 % level. The drought trend in the wet season detected by the prolonged dry episode duration is more prominent than that detected by the total number of no-rain days or the Standard Precipitation Index. The ratio between the prolonged dry episode duration and total number of no-rain days exhibits a significant (at the 5 % level) increase of 8.3 %/52 years in the wet season and a significant decrease (at the 5 % level) of nearly 11 %/52 years. An overall dry (before 1980), wet (during the 1980s), and dry (after 1990) tendency in the wet season is detected at the regional average level. Inter-annual variations of the prolonged dry episode duration at individual stations show four patterns. The most predominant pattern is similar to the regional average condition but with larger amplitude and mainly occurring over the northern part of Northeast China. Our study provides a more in-depth case to monitor droughts caused by extremely long dry spells and supports studies over other regions.

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Spatial and temporal patterns of drought in Oklahoma (1901–2014)

Tian

Quiring

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study uses the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at a 6‐month timescale to document the spatial and temporal patterns of drought in Oklahoma from 1901 to 2014. A principal component analysis (PCA) with a VARIMAX rotation was used to divide Oklahoma into four spatially contiguous regions with similar drought patterns that are located in northwestern, northeastern, southwestern and southeastern regions of the state. Droughts tend to occur more frequently in northwestern Oklahoma, but all four regions show that droughts in Oklahoma have substantial variability at decadal timescales. A Mann–Kendall trend test demonstrates that there has been a statistically significant increase in the SPEI in Oklahoma since 1901. This indicates that conditions are generally getting wetter in Oklahoma. However, there is substantial variability in moisture conditions that is evident at shorter timescales. Prolonged periods of drier than normal conditions occurred in the 1910s, 1930s, 1950s, 1970s and 1980s, while conditions from the 1980s to the 2000s have been wetter than normal. Recently, the SPEI has decreased, which suggests that Oklahoma may be at the beginning of another dry cycle. In addition, while most droughts during the study period were caused by decreases in precipitation, recent droughts, such as the severe drought in 2011, were caused by both decreases in precipitation and increases in potential evapotranspiration. This may be indicative of future drought conditions in Oklahoma.

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Spatial–temporal variations of spring drought based on spring-composite index values for the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Cited by 77 publications

References 35 publications

Recent changes in extreme precipitation and drought over the Songhua River Basin, China, during 1960–2013

Recent changes in extreme precipitation and drought over the Songhua River Basin, China, during 1960–2013

Prolonged dry episodes over Northeast China during the period 1961–2012

Spatial and temporal patterns of drought in Oklahoma (1901–2014)

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