Spatial thermal condition in aluminum reduction cells under influences of electrolyte flow

Cheung, Cheuk-Yi; Menictas, Chris; Bao, Jie; Skyllas‐Kazacos, Maria; Welch, B. J.

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2015.04.034

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This was the first time that the transient temperature and electric field over the entire anode life had been simulated. Cheung et al (2015) studied the convective heat transfer in the electrolysis cell by establishing a 3D model to estimate the temperature distribution of the whole electrolysis cell. Lv et al (2020) investigated the wetting properties of aluminium droplets on amorphous carbon using molecular dynamics simulations.…”

Section: Aluminium Electrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Liu

Zhang

2023

Waste Manag Res

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Aluminium is produced by electrolysis using alumina (Al2O3) as raw material and cryolite (Na3AlF6) as electrolyte. In this Hall–Héroult process, the energy consumption is relatively large, and solid wastes such as spent anodes and spent pot liner, flue gas and waste heat are generated. Therefore, this article discusses from the perspective of high energy consumption and high pollution and summarizes the methods to reduce energy consumption and solve pollution problems. The functions of carbon anode, carbon cathode, refractory material and sidewall in aluminium electrolysis cells are discussed in detail. The process of aluminium electrolysis and the ways to improve the current efficiency of aluminium electrolysis cells and reduce their energy consumption are outlined. The causes and treatment methods of spent anodes, spent cathodes, spent refractories and spent spot liner are reviewed. The research progress of waste heat recovery and aluminium electrolysis flue gas purification are analysed. And the future research directions of aluminium electrolysis flue gas are provided.

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Section: Aluminium Electrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Liu

Zhang

2023

Waste Manag Res

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“…The paper [9] deals with modeling of quasilinear thermoelectric phenomena, including the Peltier and Seebeck effects. In [5], the spatial distribution of the variables such as the electrolyte temperature, which is subject to local cell conditions, is studied. To optimize cell operations is the aim for the long term sustainability of the aluminum smelting industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak solutions for multiquasilinear elliptic–parabolic systems: application to thermoelectrochemical problems

Consiglieri

2019

Bol. Soc. Mat. Mex.

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This paper investigates the existence of weak solutions of biquasilinear boundary value problem for a coupled elliptic-parabolic system of divergence form with discontinuous leading coefficients. The mathematical framework addressed in the article considers the presence of an additional nonlinearity in the model which reflects the radiative thermal boundary effects in some applications of interest. The results are obtained via the Rothe-Galerkin method. Only weak assumptions are made on the data and the boundary conditions are allowed to be on a general form. The major contribution of the current paper is the explicit expressions for the constants appeared in the quantitative estimates that are derived. These detailed and explicit estimates may be useful for the study on nonlinear problems that appear in the real world applications. In particular, they clarify the smallness conditions. In conclusion, we illustrate how the above results may be applied to the thermoelectrochemical phenomena in an electrolysis cell. This problem has several applications as for instance to optimize the cell design and operating conditions.

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Estimation of spatial alumina concentration in an aluminum reduction cell using a multilevel state observer

et al. 2017

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In the Hall‐Héroult process, spatial variations in alumina concentration are very difficult to measure and impossible to estimate from the conventionally monitored line amperage and cell voltage. This article presents an approach to estimate in real time the alumina concentration distribution in an aluminum reduction cell based on individual anode current measurements. One of the key difficulties is that the localized mass transfer rates are unknown. To overcome this issue, a multilevel state observer is developed based on the robust extended Kalman filter. The approach utilizes a dynamic model of a reduction cell that is discretized subsequently level by level, where the estimated variables at each level are used to estimate more detailed alumina concentration spatial distribution at the next level. The proposed approach is validated in an experimental study using an industrial cell. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2806–2818, 2017

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Spatial thermal condition in aluminum reduction cells under influences of electrolyte flow

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Weak solutions for multiquasilinear elliptic–parabolic systems: application to thermoelectrochemical problems

Estimation of spatial alumina concentration in an aluminum reduction cell using a multilevel state observer

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