Spatial variability in stand structure and density-dependent mortality in newly established post-fire stands of a California closed-cone pine forest

Harvey, Brian; Holzman, Barbara A.; Davis, Jerry D.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.045

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is in marked contrast with the other two fire related pine syndromes in which population perimeters are relatively static overtime, although in these other syndromes occasional outlier trees may establish new populations (Harvey et al 2011). …”

Section: Fire-refugia Pine Syndromementioning

confidence: 81%

Ecology and evolution of pine life histories

Keeley¹

2012

Annals of Forest Science

212

156

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Introduction Pinus is a diverse genus of trees widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Understanding pine life history is critical to both conservation and fire management. Objectives Here I lay out the different pathways of pine life history adaptation and a brief overview of pine evolution and the very significant role that fire has played. Results Pinus originated ~150 Ma in the mid-Mesozoic Era and radiated across the northern continent of Laurasia during the Cretaceous Period. Pines have followed two evolutionary strategies interpreted as responses to competition by the newly emerging angiosperms. The Strobus lineage mostly has radiated into stressful sites of low nutrient soils and extremes in cold or heat. The Pinus (subgenus) lineage has radiated into fire-prone landscapes with diverse fire regimes. Examination of life history traits illustrates syndromes associated with fire-avoider, fire-tolerater, fire-embracer, and fire-refuge strategies. Conclusion Understanding the current pattern of pine distribution requires interpreting their evolution in terms of climate, geology, and fire. All three of these factors have played a role since the Mesozoic origin of the genus. All are important to the appropriate management of these resources.

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Section: Fire-refugia Pine Syndromementioning

confidence: 81%

Ecology and evolution of pine life histories

Keeley¹

2012

Annals of Forest Science

212

156

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“…Although a number of studies have examined the effects of a single fire on specific species (Harvey et al. , Pierce and Taylor , Dodson and Root , Crotteau et al. , ), few have tracked species‐specific responses across multiple fires spanning a range of elevation, annual precipitation, forest types, and fire severities (Shatford et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has shown that natural conifer regeneration is most limited by propagule arrival, the availability of bare mineral soil and safe microsites that mitigate heat stress, and available moisture in the first few years of recolonization of burned landscapes (Hobbs et al 1992, Zald et al 2008, Irvine et al 2009, Pierce and Taylor 2011. Although a number of studies have examined the effects of a single fire on specific species (Harvey et al 2011, Pierce and Taylor 2011, Dodson and Root 2013, Crotteau et al 2013, few have tracked species-specific responses across multiple fires spanning a range of elevation, annual precipitation, forest types, and fire severities (Shatford et al 2007, Collins andRoller 2013). Single-fire and single-species studies have limited application in understanding forest community assembly and succession in the postfire environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting conifer establishment post wildfire in mixed conifer forests of the North American Mediterranean‐climate zone

2016

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Abstract. Due to fire suppression policies, timber harvest, and other management practices over the last century, many low-to mid-elevation forests in semiarid parts of the western United States have accumulated high fuel loads and dense, multi-layered canopies that are dominated by shade-tolerant and firesensitive conifers. To a great extent, the future status of western US forests will depend on tree species' responses to patterns and trends in fire activity and fire behavior and postfire management decisions. This is especially the case in the North American Mediterranean-climate zone (NAMCZ), which supports the highest precipitation variability in North America and a 4-to 6-month annual drought, and has seen greater-than-average increases in air temperature and fire activity over the last three decades. We established 1490 survey plots in 14 burned areas on 10 National Forests across a range of elevations, forest types, and fire severities in the central and northern NAMCZ to provide insight into factors that promote natural tree regeneration after wildfires and the differences in postfire responses of the most common conifer species. We measured site characteristics, seedling densities, woody shrub, and tree growth. We specified a zero-inflated negative binomial mixed model with random effects to understand the importance of each measured variable in predicting conifer regeneration. Across all fires, 43% of all plots had no conifer regeneration. Ten of the 14 fires had median conifer seedling densities that did not meet Forest Service stocking density thresholds for mixed conifer forests. When regeneration did occur, it was dominated by shadetolerant but fire-sensitive firs (Abies spp.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). Seedling densities of conifer species were lowest in sites that burned at high severity, principally due to the biotic consequences of high severity fire, for example, increased distances to live seed trees and competition with fire-following shrubs. We developed a second model specifically for forest managers and restoration practitioners who work in yellow pine and mixed conifer forests in the central NAMCZ to assess potential natural regeneration in the years immediately following a fire, allowing them to prioritize which areas may need active postfire forest restoration and supplemental planting.

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“…Stand-replacing fires cause regeneration of the Bishop pines into a uniform age and size-class; a "dog-hair" forest that is nearly a monoculture with almost no understory. This dense forest structure been shown to undergo a process of self-thinning (Harvey et al 2011). Alternately, some have described additional thinning fires during the lifecycle of the trees that can restore the more open canopy and allow some trees to mature into large individuals (Brown et al 1999, S. Stephens, pers.…”

Section: Bishop Pines: a Forest Type That Experiences Natural Disturbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance macroecology: integrating disturbance ecology and macroecology with different-age post-fire stands of a closed-cone pine forest

Newman

Wilber

Kopper

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Macroecological studies have generally restricted their scope to relatively steady-state systems, and as a result, how biodiversity and abundance metrics are expected to scale in disturbancedependent ecosystems is unknown. We examine macroecological patterns in a fire-dependent forest of Bishop pine (Pinus muricata). We target two different-aged stands in a stand-replacing fire regime, one a characteristically mature stand with a diverse understory, and one more recently disturbed by a stand-replacing fire (17 years prior to measurement). We compare the stands using macroecological metrics of species richness, abundance and spatial distributions that are predicted by the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE), an information-entropy based theory that has proven highly successful in predicting macroecological metrics across a wide variety of systems and taxa. Ecological patterns in the mature stand more closely match METE predictions than do data from the recently disturbed stand. This suggests METE's predictions are more robust in late-successional, slowly changing, or steady-state systems than those in rapid flux with respect to species composition, abundances, and organisms' sizes. Our findings highlight the need for a macroecological theory that incorporates natural disturbance and other ecological perturbations into its predictive capabilities, because most natural systems are not in a steady state.

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Spatial variability in stand structure and density-dependent mortality in newly established post-fire stands of a California closed-cone pine forest

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Ecology and evolution of pine life histories

Ecology and evolution of pine life histories

Predicting conifer establishment post wildfire in mixed conifer forests of the North American Mediterranean‐climate zone

Disturbance macroecology: integrating disturbance ecology and macroecology with different-age post-fire stands of a closed-cone pine forest

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