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In order to investigate the reproductive dynamics of the ichthyofauna in the Brazilian Pantanal, this study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton, taxonomic composition, and its correlation with environmental factors within one of the most important sub‐basins, the Taquari River. Egg and larvae collections were conducted at 11 sampling points between October and March of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Significant differences were observed between collection points, months, and years, with higher ichthyoplankton densities in the Coxim and Taquari rivers, particularly between November and January. Twenty‐eight genera and/or species of fish were identified, including 10 long‐distance migratory species. Egg density showed a negative correlation with water temperature and rainfall. For larvae, water transparency and rainfall were both significant, negatively influencing larval abundance. However, different species tend to occur in environments with distinct abiotic qualities. Yolk‐sac, preflexion, and flexion larval development stages were distributed throughout the sub‐basin, especially near the Pantanal. Considering the data and analyses presented in this study, the importance of connectivity between these environments, specifically between the plateau and Pantanal, is evident, highlighting the significance of the entire sub‐basin for fish reproductive processes. Therefore, research focusing on the ecological processes influencing the distribution of ichthyoplankton offers valuable insights for ecosystem conservation and aids in effective environmental management.
In order to investigate the reproductive dynamics of the ichthyofauna in the Brazilian Pantanal, this study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton, taxonomic composition, and its correlation with environmental factors within one of the most important sub‐basins, the Taquari River. Egg and larvae collections were conducted at 11 sampling points between October and March of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Significant differences were observed between collection points, months, and years, with higher ichthyoplankton densities in the Coxim and Taquari rivers, particularly between November and January. Twenty‐eight genera and/or species of fish were identified, including 10 long‐distance migratory species. Egg density showed a negative correlation with water temperature and rainfall. For larvae, water transparency and rainfall were both significant, negatively influencing larval abundance. However, different species tend to occur in environments with distinct abiotic qualities. Yolk‐sac, preflexion, and flexion larval development stages were distributed throughout the sub‐basin, especially near the Pantanal. Considering the data and analyses presented in this study, the importance of connectivity between these environments, specifically between the plateau and Pantanal, is evident, highlighting the significance of the entire sub‐basin for fish reproductive processes. Therefore, research focusing on the ecological processes influencing the distribution of ichthyoplankton offers valuable insights for ecosystem conservation and aids in effective environmental management.
As ecosystems change, understanding the consequences for fish population dynamics and habitat use is essential for their management. Using white perch (Morone americana) survey data on early life stages collected during a long-term ichthyoplankton monitoring program in the Hudson River (New York, USA), an ecosystem under immense pressure from climate change, ecological shifts, and anthropogenic activities, we evaluated the drivers of changes in egg abundance and spawning habitat between 1980-2017. Results indicated that egg abundance is associated nonlinearly with temperature, conductivity, discharge, depth, location, and the week of year. Additionally, large changes in hotspots of spawning activity within the Hudson River were identified and the lower extent of spawning habitat has moved upriver since 1980. We also found that egg abundance has declined within the river over time. This study indicates that the dynamics of white perch early life histories and spawning habitat are changing. It also highlights the utility of a long-term monitoring program for broadening our understanding of fish ecology in the age of big data in changing ecosystems.
Partial migration is a widespread phenomenon in animals, whereby multiple groups follow different migration behaviors (i.e. contingents) within a single population. Fishes exhibit particularly high diversity in their early dispersal behaviors; however, whether these represent conditional partial migration behaviors remains unclear. We combined otolith microstructure and chemistry to assess the influence of early life conditions and environmental drivers on juvenile-stage partial migration of anadromous striped bass Morone saxatilis in the Hudson River (USA) in 2 consecutive years with contrasting hydrologic conditions. Time series clustering on otolith strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) profiles revealed 4 dominant early migration contingents in both years: freshwater residents, oligohaline migrants, small mesohaline migrants, and large mesohaline migrants. In both years, juvenile partial migration appeared to be a conditional strategy linked to a growth-mediated threshold. The propensity to migrate early was related to slower larval growth, whereas freshwater residency and delayed migration were associated with faster larval growth. Differences in hatch dates may have indirectly affected migration contingents by exposing larvae to varying environmental conditions. In the dry year, dispersal timing to mesohaline habitats coincided with high freshwater flow and tidal currents, but not so in the higher-flow year. Recruitment to coastal nurseries outside the Hudson River occurred primarily during the juvenile phase. Early migration contingents could carry over to population dynamics, whereby diverse estuarine nursery habitats contribute differently to recruitment.
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