Spatial variability of the shallow groundwater level and its chemistry characteristics in the low plain around the Bohai Sea, North China

Abstract

To characterize the spatial distribution of groundwater level (GWL) and its chemistry characteristics in the low plain around the Bohai Sea, shallow groundwater depth of 130 wells were determined. Water soluble ions composition, total dissolved solid (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), and total salt content (TS) of 128 representative groundwater samples were also measured. Classical statistics, geostatistical method combined with GIS technique were then used to analyze the spatial variability and distribution of GWL and groundwater chemical properties. Results show that GWL, TDS, EC, TH, TA, and TS all presented a lognormal distribution and could be fitted by different semivariogram models (spherical, exponential, and Gaussian). Spatial structure of GWL, TDS, EC, TH, TA, and TS changed obviously. GWL decreased from west inland plain to the east coastal plain, however, TDS, EC, and TS increased from west to east, TH and TA were higher in the middle and coastal plain area. Groundwater chemical type in the coastal plain was SO (4) (2-) ·Cl(-)-Na(+) while chemical types in the inland plain were SO (4) (2-) ·Cl(-)-Ca(2+)·Mg(2+) and HCO (3) (-) -Ca(2+)·Mg(2+).

Transport characteristics of salt ions in soil columns planted with Tamarix chinensis under different groundwater levels

“…The CO 3 2- +HCO 3 - contents in the soil profile increased with increasing soil depth but with a small range of variation range between soil layers, and the carbonate ions showed relatively stable transport, which was consistent with results obtained for the cracked alkaline soil in the Yinbei District of Ningxia Province [41]. The patterns of variation in soil carbonates in Bohai Rim were opposite those of other salt ions, and the HCO 3 - content was negatively correlated with the contents of other salt ions [46]. The HCO 3 - content in the surface soil layer of the simulated soil columns decreased with an increasing groundwater level, and bicarbonate had the smallest solubility and was the first to be precipitated when transported with water [42].…”

Pemetaan Hidrogeologi dan Analisis Geokimia Air Tanah Cekungan Air Tanah (CAT) Kendal

“…Peneliti-peneliti tersebut banyak menggunakan aplikasi remote sensing ataupun Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dalam penentuan zona potensi air tanah. Sementara itu penelitian yang memanfaatkan data geokimia untuk mengetahui kondisi kualitas air tanah juga banyak diteliti seperti oleh Hamzah et al (2010), Tirumalesh et al (2010), Zhou et al (2012) Putranto et al (2017), Bäumle et al 2019Indonesia sebagai negara dengan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi, memicu akan tingginya pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih, terutama yang berasal dari air tanah. Wilayah Indonesia sendiri terbagi menjadi 2 wilayah besar, yaitu daerah CAT dengan persentase 47% dan Non-CAT sebesar 53% (Kodoatie, 2012).…”

Evaluation of Quality of Some Well Waters Used in Agricultural Irrigation in terms of Plant Nutrition

“…The calculated coefficient of variation (CV) values were the highest parameter, RSC (817.42%), while the lowest parameters were Cd (0.00%), Co (0.00%), Cu (0.00%), Ni (0.00%) and Zn (0.00%) is. Generally, it shows low variability if CV <10%, moderate variability if 10%< CV< 100%, and high variability when CV> 100% (Zhou et al, 2012;Ağca, 2014 (Ağca, 2014). While the cation sequences were from large to small, Na + >Ca +2 >Mg +2 >K + , the anion sequences were determined as HCO 3 -> Cl-> SO 4 -2 .…”