Spatial Variation of Damage due to Storm Surge and Waves during Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines

Bricker, Jeremy D.; Takagi, Hiroshi; Mas, Erick; Kure, Shuichi; Adriano, Bruno; Yi, Carine J.; Roeber, Volker

doi:10.2208/kaigan.70.i_231

Cited by 39 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the modelled water levels are comparable to those inferred from previously published storm surge and FLO2D flood routing models (e.g. Bricker et al, 2014), where still water levels increase to a maximum of ∼ 2.5 m a.s.l. along the Hernani coast and in Matarinao Bay but remain < 1 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Storm Surge and Wave Modelsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Compared to previously published low-resolution models (Bricker et al, 2014; Fig. 3) and to wave heights generally expected during catastrophic typhoons such as Haiyan, our model apparently results in underestimated maximum significant wave heights offshore of Eastern Samar.…”

Section: Boulder Transport and Flow Velocities Inferred By Inverse Mocontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…While previously published models with a spatial resolution of 2.5 km resulted in maximum significant wave heights of > 15 m during Haiyan in deep water off Eastern Samar (Bricker et al, 2014; Fig. 3), maximum significant wave heights of ∼ 4-5 m and ∼ 5-6 m are inferred for site ESA and for Hernani, respectively, from the Delft3D model pre- a -V abc of ESA 9 was corrected to V DGPS using a conservative value of 0.6, which was empirically calculated for the similarly shaped boulder ESA 7; b -Corey shape factor and appropriate C d values according to Corey (1949), Helley (1969: Fig.…”

Section: Storm Surge and Wave Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…8; see also Bricker et al, 2014;Bricker and Roeber, 2015). For the rather spherical boulder ESA 7, a rolling transport mode was inferred from the field observations requiring at least 8.9 m s −1 for the initiation of movement (Fig.…”

Section: Boulder Transport and Flow Velocities Inferred By Inverse Momentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Hence, it experienced maximum wind speeds with the highest modelpredicted waves of up to 19 m, but only a limited wind-driven surge during Haiyan (Bricker et al 2014). Field indicators document inundation levels of up to 6 m onshore flow depth, nearly 11 m run-ups above local event tide level, and inundation distances of up to 800 m depending on onshore topography (Quinto et al, 2014;Tajima et al 2014;Shimozono et al, 2015).…”

Section: Coastal Flooding and Hazard Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

May¹,

Engel²,

Brill³

et al. 2015

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Fields of dislodged boulders and blocks record catastrophic coastal flooding during strong storms or tsunamis and play a pivotal role in coastal hazard assessment. Along the rocky carbonate coast of Eastern Samar (Philippines) we documented longshore transport of a block of 180 t and boulders (up to 23.5 t) shifted upslope to elevations of up to 10 m above mean lower low water level during Supertyphoon Haiyan on 8 November 2013. Initiation-of-motion approaches indicate that boulder dislocation occurred with flow velocities of 8.9-9.6 m s −1 , which significantly exceeds depth-averaged flow velocities of a local coupled hydrodynamic and wave model (Delft3D) of the typhoon with a maximum < 1.5 m s −1 . These results, in combination with recently published phase-resolving wave models, support the hypothesis that infragravity waves induced by the typhoon were responsible for the remarkable flooding pattern in Eastern Samar, which are not resolved in phase-averaged storm surge models. Our findings show that tsunamis and hydrodynamic conditions induced by tropical cyclones may shift boulders of similar size and, therefore, demand a careful re-evaluation of storm-related transport where it, based on the boulder's sheer size, has previously been ascribed to tsunamis.

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Section: Storm Surge and Wave Modelsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Boulder Transport and Flow Velocities Inferred By Inverse Mocontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Storm Surge and Wave Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Boulder Transport and Flow Velocities Inferred By Inverse Momentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Coastal Flooding and Hazard Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

May¹,

Engel²,

Brill³

et al. 2015

Earth Surf. Dynam.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Factors responsible for the limited inland extent of sand deposits on Leyte Island during 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

et al. 2017

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Previous geological studies suggest that the maximum inland extent of storm‐induced sand deposits is shorter, but their thickness is larger, than those of tsunami‐induced sand deposits. However, factors that determine the maximum extent and thickness of storm deposits are still uncertain. We conducted numerical simulations of storm surge, waves, and sediment transport during Typhoon Haiyan in order to understand the distribution and sedimentary processes responsible for storm deposits. Numerical results showed that wave‐induced currents slightly offshore were strong, but attenuated rapidly in the inland direction after wave breaking. Therefore, sediments were not transported far inland by waves and storm surge. Consequently, the maximum inland extent of storm deposits was remarkably shorter than the inland extent of inundation. We also revealed that vegetation (roughness coefficient) and typhoon intensity greatly affect the calculation of maximum extent and thickness distribution of storm deposits. As the duration of wave impact on a coast is relatively long during a storm (hours, compared to minutes for a tsunami), sediments are repeatedly supplied by multiple waves. Therefore, storm deposits tend to be thicker than tsunami deposits, and multiple layers can form in the internal sedimentary structure of the deposits. We infer that limitation of the sand deposit to within only a short distance inland from the shoreline and multiple layers found in a deposit can be used as appropriate identification proxies for storm deposits.

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Prehistorical frequency of high‐energy marine inundation events driven by typhoons in the Bay of Bangkok (Thailand), interpreted from coastal carbonate boulders

Terry

Dunne

Jankaew

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Rapidly rising populations of low‐lying megacities in Asia mean that understanding the potential risk of coastal flooding by storm surge is of paramount concern. The city of Bangkok and the wider Chao Phraya River delta at the head of the Gulf of Thailand is a region topographically vulnerable to coastal flooding, but without the record of a high‐energy marine inundation (HEMI) event in historical time owing to the atypical path that a typhoon must take to be able to produce such an event. This work builds upon previous findings that identified coastal depositional evidence for HEMI events in the form of coastal carbonate boulders (CCBs) located on Ko Larn Island in the eastern Bay of Bangkok. The HEMI events were most likely driven by typhoons and the CCBs are therefore interpreted as typhoon deposits. Through uranium/thorium dating, it is revealed that from ad 1400 to ad 1600 the Bay of Bangkok possibly experienced a phase of relatively heightened storm impact. During this period, the frequency of typhoon‐driven HEMI events was approximately four events in 200 years. Waves generated onshore minimum flow velocities (MFVs) in excess of 5 m/s. Such exceptional MFVs are unlikely to be produced during the annual northeast monsoon, but are consistent with typhoon‐impacted coastlines elsewhere in the tropical Asia–Pacific region where similar CCB evidence exists. Since ad 1600, the Bay of Bangkok has enjoyed a relatively quiescent phase, recording less frequent HEMI events and of lower magnitude. However, the re‐occurrence of a typhoon‐driven HEMI event on the scale of the prehistorical events that emplaced carbonate boulders at elevation on Ko Larn Island would threaten low‐lying coasts in the Bay of Bangkok, including the Chao Phraya delta, with potentially damaging inundation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Spatial Variation of Damage due to Storm Surge and Waves during Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

Factors responsible for the limited inland extent of sand deposits on Leyte Island during 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

Prehistorical frequency of high‐energy marine inundation events driven by typhoons in the Bay of Bangkok (Thailand), interpreted from coastal carbonate boulders

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