Spatially Aware Dense-LinkNet Based Regression Improves Fluorescent Cell Detection in Adaptive Optics Ophthalmic Images

Liu, Jianfei; Han, Yoo-Jean; Liu, Tao; Aguilera, Nancy; Tam, Johnny

doi:10.1109/jbhi.2020.3004271

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As previously demonstrated, side-by-side comparison of the same RPE cells imaged using AO-OCT and AO-ICG helps to establish how to interpret images of disrupted RPE 37 , which can appear strikingly different compared to healthy RPE. Whereas RPE cells can be identified on the basis of differences in overall fluorescence intensity in AO-ICG images 41 , in AO-OCT images, the darker RPE cell centers can be used to infer cell-to-cell spacing, most easily visible when the RPE cells are in close proximity to each other. In healthy subjects (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread subclinical cellular changes revealed across a neural-epithelial-vascular complex in choroideremia using adaptive optics

et al. 2022

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Choroideremia is an X-linked, blinding retinal degeneration with progressive loss of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and choriocapillaris. To study the extent to which these layers are disrupted in affected males and female carriers, we performed multimodal adaptive optics imaging to better visualize the in vivo pathogenesis of choroideremia in the living human eye. We demonstrate the presence of subclinical, widespread enlarged RPE cells present in all subjects imaged. In the fovea, the last area to be affected in choroideremia, we found greater disruption to the RPE than to either the photoreceptor or choriocapillaris layers. The unexpected finding of patches of photoreceptors that were fluorescently-labeled, but structurally and functionally normal, suggests that the RPE blood barrier function may be altered in choroideremia. Finally, we introduce a strategy for detecting enlarged cells using conventional ophthalmic imaging instrumentation. These findings establish that there is subclinical polymegathism of RPE cells in choroideremia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread subclinical cellular changes revealed across a neural-epithelial-vascular complex in choroideremia using adaptive optics

et al. 2022

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“…Individual RPE cells can be distinguished by the heterogeneous cyanescent pattern. 37 Superimposed on the color fundus: irregularly-shaped white outlines indicating locations where overlapping AO images were acquired in each eye, horizontal line corresponding to the OCT b-scan, and a small black square indicating the foveal center (eccentricity = 0.0 mm, determined based on the subject's preferred retinal locus of fixation as imaged using AO). The small green square indicates the location corresponding to the AO-ICG image of the RPE shown to the right of each color fundus, and the dashed white square in the AO-ICG images indicates the location corresponding to the non-confocal split detection image of cones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual cells were sequentially marked by three expert graders. The first grader applied machine learning-based algorithms for automated identification of cone 36 and RPE cells 37 and performed manual adjustments to automatically detected cells when necessary. The second expert grader performed further manual correction before final verification by a third expert grader.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoreceptor and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Relationships in Eyes With Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Imaging

Liu

Aguilera

Bower

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To assess the structure of cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) arising from various genetic etiologies. Methods Multimodal adaptive optics (AO) imaging was performed in 11 patients with VMD using a custom-assembled instrument. Non-confocal split detection and AO-enhanced indocyanine green were used to visualize the cone photoreceptor and RPE mosaics, respectively. Cone and RPE densities were measured and compared across BEST1 -, PRPH2 -, IMPG1 -, and IMPG2 -related VMD. Results Within macular lesions associated with VMD, both cone and RPE densities were reduced below normal, to 37% of normal cone density (eccentricity 0.2 mm) and to 8.4% of normal RPE density (eccentricity 0.5 mm). Outside of lesions, cone and RPE densities were slightly reduced (both to 92% of normal values), but with high degree of variability in the individual measurements. Comparison of juxtalesional cone and RPE measurements (<1 mm from the lesion edge) revealed significant differences in RPE density across the four genes ( P < 0.05). Overall, cones were affected to a greater extent than RPE in patients with IMPG1 and IMPG2 pathogenic variants, but RPE was affected more than cones in BEST1 and PRPH2 VMD. This trend was observed even in contralateral eyes from a subset of five patients who presented with macular lesions in only one eye. Conclusions Assessment of cones and RPE in retinal locations outside of the macular lesions reveals a pattern of cone and RPE disruption that appears to be gene dependent in VMD. These findings provide insight into the cellular pathogenesis of disease in VMD.

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“…The proposed method captures complementary evidence based on grey level and vessel connectivity properties, which is seamlessly propagated through the pixels at the classification phase. Liu et al [20] proposes a spatially-aware, Dense-LinkNet based regression approach to improve the detection of in vivo fluorescent cell patterns, demonstrating the utility of incorporating spatial inputs into a deep learning-based regression framework for cell detection.…”

Section: Guest Editorial Ophthalmic Image Analysis and Informaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guest Editorial Ophthalmic Image Analysis and Informatics

Cheng¹,

Fu²,

DeBuc³

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform.

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Spatially Aware Dense-LinkNet Based Regression Improves Fluorescent Cell Detection in Adaptive Optics Ophthalmic Images

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Widespread subclinical cellular changes revealed across a neural-epithelial-vascular complex in choroideremia using adaptive optics

Widespread subclinical cellular changes revealed across a neural-epithelial-vascular complex in choroideremia using adaptive optics

Photoreceptor and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Relationships in Eyes With Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Imaging

Guest Editorial Ophthalmic Image Analysis and Informatics

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