Spatially Controlled Chemistry Using Remotely Guided Nanoliter Scale Containers

Leong, Timothy G.; Gu, Zhiyong; Koh, Travis; Gracias, David H.

doi:10.1021/ja063100z

Cited by 70 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The advantage of using Ni frames is the possibility of remote guidance using a magnetic fi eld, which can be useful for a delivery system as well as detecting and tracking purposes. [ 34,35 ] Additional reasons for the use of a Ni frame include the following: i) A Ni frame helps with the self-folding process. That is, when the solder (Pb-Sn) is liquefi ed, the hinge materials (solder) do not transfer across the Ni surfaces due to the intermediate surface wetting property between solder and Ni frame, [ 30 ] so the solder remains in the place where it is electrodeposited and lifts up panels when surface tension force generates; ii) A Ni frame enhances the stiffness of the cubic structure; and iii) A thick layer of the Ni frame can be deposited using an electroplating process, which makes it easy to control the thickness and is wileyonlinelibrary.com compatible with other fabrication processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Multifunctional 3D Microdevices

Joung

Agarwal

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

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tailored anisotropic optical, or magnetic responses; [11][12][13][14][15][16] ii) Metal and/or semiconductor material patterns on the 3D dielectric substrate can also be used for building 3D electric circuits ( Figure 1 ) including sensors, transistors, and memory devices; [17][18][19] and iii) free-standing hollow structures can be used as 3D containers (or encapsulation) for targeted drug delivery or used as scaffolds for artifi cial tissues. [20][21][22][23] In order to fully serve these functions, micro-and nanoscale surface patterning on the 3D dielectric structures plays a crucial role and, therefore, must be realized.Conventional 3D fabrications are typically built using layer-by-layer lithographic patterning methods, [ 20,24 ] 3D printing, [ 25,26 ] and/or self-aligned membrane projection lithography. [ 12,27 ] With these traditional methods, development of a 3D, hollow, polyhedral structure has been possible. In addition, limited surface patterning in microscale has been achieved. [ 28,29 ] However, since the conventional lithographic process is a top-down strategy, surface patterning on a free-standing enclosed hollow structure (i.e., 3D microcontainer) has not been realized. In this paper, we report on the realization of a 3D, free-standing, polyhedral, hollow structure with desired surface patterning on a dielectric material, i.e., aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 , 150 nm thick), in microscale to be used as a functionalized device (Figure 1 c). The 3D structure was realized with the combination of topdown (lithographic, Figure 1 a) and bottom-up (origami-inspired self-assembly, Figure 1 b) processes. The origami-inspired selfassembly approach combined with a top-down process is one of the few dependable approaches to realize 3D micro/nanoscale polyhedral structures with surface patterning. [ 4,10,[30][31][32] In this approach, 2D, lithographically patterned, planar features are connected with hinges at the joints which fold up the structure when they are heated to their melting temperature (Figure 1 ). This process not only offers easy control of size and shape, allowing for fabrication of free-standing, hollow systems, but also supports surface patterning with metal/semiconductor materials on each face of the 3D structure and large-scale production with a high yield. As a result, the technique allows heterogeneous integrations with various materials which can produce free-standing, 3D, multifunctional devices (Figure 1 c). In turn, diverse applications in electronic circuits, as well as optical and biomedical modules, can be achieved. In a previous study, a 3D structure has been made with desired surface patterning on dielectric materials using this self-assembly process. [ 10 ] However, the 3D structure was in nanoscale and showed low Multifunctional 3D microstructures have been extensively investigated for the development of new classes of electronic and optical devices. Here, functionalized, free-standing, hollow, 3D, dielectric (150 nm thick aluminum oxide) microcontainers with metal patterning on their...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Multifunctional 3D Microdevices

Joung

Agarwal

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

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“…In addition, containers with different polyhedral shapes such as cubes, pyramids, octahedra, and dodecahedra have been constructed. [52][53][54][55][56][57] Shape can dramatically alter the movement of containers; for example, cubic containers have more pronounced edges and have a greater tendency to get stuck as compared to dodecahedral containers. 2.…”

Section: Reconfigurable Microfluidics With Lithographically Patternedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporally Controlled Nanoliter‐Scale Reconfigurable Microfluidics

Genualdi

Gracias

2010

Microfluidic Devices in Nanotechnology

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“…[4] A number of approaches have been used to generate the required structures. This includes a variety of soft-lithographic techniques, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] often using a combination of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based materials and photolithography [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] to produce "stamps" which can be coated with various polymers, biochemicals, gels etc., prior to stamping onto the receiving substrate to yield the desired microwell pattern. Photolithographic methods [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have also been used to transfer images from a mask to a metal surface, with subsequent selective etching to generate the desired microwells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Fabrication of Microarrays of Microwells

et al. 2007

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Microwell technology, although in its infancy, has already shown enormous potential. Microwells have for example been applied in a number of optoelectronics-related applications [1,2] where microwells were able to offer fine control over, and manipulation of, crystal nucleation. In the biological arena [3] microwells have been produced that have allowed the selection and immobilization of single cells; while micro-patterned wells that maintain human embryonic stem cells (hESC) undifferentiated for up to three weeks, and limit colony growth have been reported. [4] A number of approaches have been used to generate the required structures. This includes a variety of soft-lithographic techniques, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] often using a combination of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based materials and photolithography [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] to produce "stamps" which can be coated with various polymers, biochemicals, gels etc., prior to stamping onto the receiving substrate to yield the desired microwell pattern. Photolithographic methods [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have also been used to transfer images from a mask to a metal surface, with subsequent selective etching to generate the desired microwells. Several templating methods, based on self-assembly, have been used to create patterned substrates with sub-micron features. This includes the use of ordered arrays of colloidal particles, [19] microporous materials, [20,21] polymers with rod-coil architecture [22] or honeycomb structures, [23] self-organized surfactants, [24] and microphase-separated block copolymers. [25,26]

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Spatially Controlled Chemistry Using Remotely Guided Nanoliter Scale Containers

Cited by 70 publications

References 15 publications

Self‐Assembled Multifunctional 3D Microdevices

Self‐Assembled Multifunctional 3D Microdevices

Spatiotemporally Controlled Nanoliter‐Scale Reconfigurable Microfluidics

Flexible Fabrication of Microarrays of Microwells

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