Spatially controlled glycocalyx engineering for growth factor patterning in embryoid bodies

Naticchia, Matthew R.; Laubach, Logan K.; Honigfort, Daniel J.; Purcell, Sean C.; Godula, Kamil

doi:10.1039/d0bm01434f

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…315,316 Such a glycocalyx engineering strategy has been demonstrated in the development of stem cell spheroids and their controlled differentiation by tailoring the display of glycomimetics on cell surfaces. 317,318 4.5.2. Cancer Spheroids.…”

Section: Supramolecular Glycopolymers In Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to scaffolds, synthetic glycomaterials were developed by Godula and co-workers for glycocalyx engineering of stem cells. The synthetic glycomaterials as proteoglycan mimetics can function like natural heparan sulfate proteoglycans in mediating growth factor signaling of stem cells, thus promoting specific cell fate commitment. , Such a glycocalyx engineering strategy has been demonstrated in the development of stem cell spheroids and their controlled differentiation by tailoring the display of glycomimetics on cell surfaces. , …”

Section: Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate-Based Macromolecular Biomaterials

et al. 2021

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Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure–function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.

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Section: Supramolecular Glycopolymers In Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate-Based Macromolecular Biomaterials

et al. 2021

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“…With these systems in hand, they could demonstrate that this approach led to regained functions associated with HSPG’s presence, specifically the HS-mediated interaction with FGF2. 224 , 230 …”

Section: Hs Mimetics As Viral Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 223 Through this method, polymeric sGAG mimetics have successfully been used to derive new insights into the functional role of such carbohydrates within the complex environment of the cell surface. 224 − 230 For example, the Hsieh-Wilson lab used CS to engineer the cell surface of neurons and could show increased activation of neurotrophin-mediated signaling pathways and enhanced axonal growth in dependence of the sulfation pattern installed through the choice of polysaccharide ( Figure 7 B). 225 In another example, the Godula lab used short HS fragments displayed in a multivalent fashion on a polymeric scaffold to derive HS mimetic glycopolymers that were installed into embryonic stem cells deficient in natural HS biosynthesis.…”

Section: Hs Mimetics As Viral Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers Inspired by Heparin and Heparan Sulfate for Viral Targeting

2022

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Heparin (HP) and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear, anionically charged polysaccharides well-known for their diverse biological activities. While HP is generally localized in mast cells and in connective tissues, HS is part of the glycocalyx and involved in the attachment of viruses to host cells, constituting the first step of an infection. HP and HS also exhibit antiviral activity by blocking viral receptors, thereby inhibiting viruses from engaging with host cells. Inspired by their structural features, such as their high molecular weight and polyanionic character, various synthetic polymers mimicking HP/HS have been developed and used as model systems to study bioactivity, as well as for therapeutic applications. This Perspective provides an overview of the roles of HP/HS in viral engagement, and examines historical and recent approaches toward oligo-/polysaccharide, glycopolymer, and anionic polymer HP/HS mimetics. An overview of current applications and future prospects of these molecules is provided, demonstrating their potential in addressing current and future epidemics and pandemics.

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“…299 Godula et al synthesized sulfated heparan sulfate mimetics with affinity towards FGF-2 growth factors and subsequently introduced it in the plasma membranes of mouse embryonic cells deficient in HS biosynthesis. 300 Due to this deficiency, the cells are unable to signal via FGF2 which restricts them to an undifferentiated state. The addition of the HS mimetic then rescues the FGF2 signaling and induces neural differentiation.…”

Section: Agarosementioning

confidence: 99%