Spatially Developing Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer with a Body-Force-Based Method

Progress in shock wave/boundary layer interactions

“…[53,91] and a more recently developed steady counterflow force based trip [92], which is a supersonic extension of the method of Visbal [93]. In this, an initial laminar boundary layer is subjected to a sharp retarding force that causes a small separated region, which in turn accelerates the process of transition to turbulence.…”

Response of skin panels to combined self- and boundary layer-induced fluctuating pressure

“…The flow properties for the simulation are provided in Table. 4. A simulated dielectric-barrierdischarge (DBD) actuator is used to trip the flow (Mullenix and Gaitonde, 2013). Note that this LES code has been validated with experiments for Mach 2.33 flow (Mullenix and Gaitonde, 2013).…”

“…The LES of Mach 2.9 flow over a flat plate is carried out on a 917 Â 167 Â 133 grid based on the methodology detailed in Mullenix and Gaitonde (2013). The flow properties for the simulation are provided in Table. 4.…”

Resolution effects in compressible, turbulent boundary layer simulations

“…Transition to turbulent flow was promoted using a body-force trip method [75]. An artificial body force f i was added to the momentum equation (2), and its corresponding work f j u j was added to the total energy equation (3).…”