Spatially distributed characterization of hyporheic solute transport during baseflow recession in a headwater mountain stream using electrical geophysical imaging

Ward, Adam S.; Gooseff, M. N.; Fitzgerald, Michael; Voltz, Thomas J.; Singha, Kamini

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.036

Cited by 32 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Improved understanding of gross gains and hydrologic exchange along a stream network can also help improve our understanding and interpretation of watershed biogeochemistry. Often, field studies of hydrologic exchange only consider one or two reaches and rarely incorporate continuous reaches across a stream network [e.g., Triska et al ., ; Harvey and Bencala , ; Ward et al ., ]. Previous spatially distributed network scale estimates of exchange and nutrient uptake have been developed using modeled or extrapolated discharge and velocity [e.g., Mallard et al ., ; Hall et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of exchange has been related to streamflow velocity [ Covino et al ., ; Mallard et al ., ] and channel and valley bottom storage states [ Harvey et al ., ; Ward et al ., ]. Both stream flow velocity and storage state are dynamic in space and time and have been found to be influenced by channel and valley bottom structure [ Harvey and Bencala , ; Vidon and Smith , ; Payn et al ., ; Ward et al ., ]. Structural features in the valley bottom that affect the channel water balance occur over a range of scales and also can be dependent on the underlying lithology of the reach [ Bencala et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gross gains and losses are often studied together as hyporheic exchange. While exchange and the extent of the hyporheic zone have been considered in the context of dynamic valley hydraulic gradients through watershed moisture states [e.g., Ward et al ., ] these analyses are typically constrained to the valley bottom [e.g., Harvey and Bencala , ; Triska et al ., ; Payn et al ., ; Ward et al ., ]. It remains unclear how inputs of water from adjacent hillslopes may influence spatial patterns and magnitudes of stream gains and losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal processes that contribute to hydrologic exchange between hillslopes, valley bottoms, and streams

Bergstrom

Jencso

McGlynn

2016

Water Resources Research

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Quantifying how watershed structure influences the exchanges of water among component parts of a watershed, particularly the connection between uplands, valley bottoms, and in‐stream hydrologic exchange, remains a challenge. However, this understanding is critical for ascertaining the source areas and temporal contributions of water and associated biogeochemical constituents in streams. We used dilution gauging, mass recovery, and recording discharge stations to characterize streamflow dynamics across 52 reaches, from peak snowmelt to base flow, in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental forest, Montana, USA. We found that watershed‐contributing area was only a significant predictor of net changes in streamflow at high moisture states and larger spatial scales. However, at the scale of individual stream reaches, the lateral contributing area in conjunction with underlying lithology and vegetation densities were significant predictors of gross hydrologic gains to the stream. Reach lateral contributing areas underlain by more permeable sandstone yielded less water across flow states relative to those with granite gneiss. Additionally, increases in the frequency of steps across each stream reach contributed to greater hydrologic gross losses. Together, gross gains and losses of water along individual reaches resulted in net changes of discharge that cumulatively scale to the observed outlet discharge dynamics. Our results provide a framework for understanding how hillslope topography, geology, vegetation, and valley bottom structure contribute to the exchange of water and cumulative increases of stream flow across watersheds of increasing size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatiotemporal processes that contribute to hydrologic exchange between hillslopes, valley bottoms, and streams

Bergstrom

Jencso

McGlynn

2016

Water Resources Research

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“…Researchers (e.g., Stonedahl et al 2012, Harvey et al 2013, Ward et al 2014 are starting to converge on new ways to address the window-of-detection issue in hyporheic studies. We suggest that researchers make many direct measurements of residence times that are spatially distributed throughout the reach and are designed to sample as many stream and hyporheic transient-storage compartments as possible.…”

Section: Key Methodological Limitations On Hyporheic No 3 -Removal Esmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling multiscale observations to evaluate hyporheic nitrate removal at the reach scale

2015

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Excess NO 3 -in streams is a growing and persistent problem for both inland and coastal ecosystems, and denitrification is the primary removal process for NO 3 -. Hyporheic zones can have high denitrification potentials, but their role in reach-and network-scale NO 3 -removal is unknown because it is difficult to estimate.We used independent and complementary multiscale measurements of denitrification and total NO 3 -uptake to quantify the role of hyporheic NO 3 -removal in a 303-m reach of a 3 rd -order agricultural stream in western Oregon, USA. We characterized the reach-scale NO 3 -dynamics with steady-state 15 N-NO 3 -tracer-addition experiments and solute-transport modeling, and measured the hyporheic conditions via in-situ biogeochemical and groundwater modeling. We also developed a method to link these independent multiscale measurements. Hyporheic NO 3 -removal (rate coefficient λ HZ = 0.007/h) accounted for 17% of the observed total reach NO 3 -uptake and 32% of the reach denitrification estimated from the 15 N experiments. The primary limitations on hyporheic denitrification at the reach scale were availability of labile dissolved organic C and the restricted size of the hyporheic zone caused by anthropogenic channelization (sediment thickness ≤1.5 m). Linking multiscale methods made estimates possible for hyporheic influence on stream NO 3 -dynamics. However, it also demonstrated that the traditional reach-scale tracer experimental designs and subsequent transport modeling cannot be used alone to directly investigate the role of the hyporheic zone on reach-scale water and solute dynamics.

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“…Such measurements reveal important characteristics and controls on hydrologic exchange flows. A chief downside is that data are representative of only a very small portion of a much larger, complex system and generally do not estimate reach‐averaged conditions at distances of hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, i.e., the distance at which the effects on water quality become evident [ Ward et al ., ; Harvey and Wagner , ]. Although it is not impossible to characterize groundwater‐surface water interactions by installing many (e.g., hundreds) of drivepoints and modeling results in order to obtain reach‐scale averaged exchange flows [e.g., Wroblicky et al ., ; Baxter and Hauer , ], in most cases the workload is prohibitive.…”

Section: Measuring Hydrologic Exchange Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins

2015

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Previously regarded as the passive drains of watersheds, over the past 50 years, rivers have progressively been recognized as being actively connected with off‐channel environments. These connections prolong physical storage and enhance reactive processing to alter water chemistry and downstream transport of materials and energy. Here we propose river corridor science as a concept that integrates downstream transport with lateral and vertical exchange across interfaces. Thus, the river corridor, rather than the wetted river channel itself, is an increasingly common unit of study. Main channel exchange with recirculating marginal waters, hyporheic exchange, bank storage, and overbank flow onto floodplains are all included under a broad continuum of interactions known as “hydrologic exchange flows.” Hydrologists, geomorphologists, geochemists, and aquatic and terrestrial ecologists are cooperating in studies that reveal the dynamic interactions among hydrologic exchange flows and consequences for water quality improvement, modulation of river metabolism, habitat provision for vegetation, fish, and wildlife, and other valued ecosystem services. The need for better integration of science and management is keenly felt, from testing effectiveness of stream restoration and riparian buffers all the way to reevaluating the definition of the waters of the United States to clarify the regulatory authority under the Clean Water Act. A major challenge for scientists is linking the small‐scale physical drivers with their larger‐scale fluvial and geomorphic context and ecological consequences. Although the fine scales of field and laboratory studies are best suited to identifying the fundamental physical and biological processes, that understanding must be successfully linked to cumulative effects at watershed to regional and continental scales.

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Spatially distributed characterization of hyporheic solute transport during baseflow recession in a headwater mountain stream using electrical geophysical imaging

Cited by 32 publications

References 66 publications

Spatiotemporal processes that contribute to hydrologic exchange between hillslopes, valley bottoms, and streams

Spatiotemporal processes that contribute to hydrologic exchange between hillslopes, valley bottoms, and streams

Coupling multiscale observations to evaluate hyporheic nitrate removal at the reach scale

River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins

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