Spatially Resolved Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flow through the Intake Port of an Internal Combustion Engine

Hartmann, Frank; Buhl, Stefan; Gleiss, Florian; Barth, Philipp; Schild, Martin; Kaiser, Sebastian; Hasse, Christian

doi:10.2516/ogst/2015022

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…With increasing z + values, the dimensionless velocity profiles exhibit larger deviations and no agreement with the log-formulation of the CBLA is found. This is consistent with observations in [10][11][12]52], confirming that no turbulent equilibrium boundary layer exists at the piston surface. However, it is interesting to note that the results for P1 and P3 are closer to the CBLA, while the profiles for P2 and P4 show the largest discrepancies.…”

Section: Piston Boundary Layersupporting

confidence: 81%

“…To minimize numerical diffusion, a central differencing scheme is used in space and a second-order backward scheme in time. The solver's suitability for SRS in IC engines has been shown in previous works [6,8,11,21,28].…”

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is of particular interest, not only for the cold flow but also for fired engine simulations, as the fluid boundary layer is directly coupled to the thermal boundary layer and thus to the heat losses. Several Investigations [10][11][12] have shown that the classical boundary layer assumption (CBLA) typically does not describe the real flow structure. These findings are of high practical relevance since the wall resolution is usually not sufficient in unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and scale-resolving simulations (SRS) and thus, wall models [13][14][15][16] need to be applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of the 3D Tumble Structure and Piston Boundary Layer Development During the Intake Stroke of a Gasoline Engine

Buhl

Gleiss

Köhler

et al. 2016

Flow Turbulence Combust

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Due to its positive effect on flame propagation in the case of a well-defined breakdown, the formation of a large-scale tumble motion is an important goal in engine development. Cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) in the tumble position and strength however lead to a fluctuating tumble breakdown in space and time and therefore to combustion variations, indicated by CCV of the peak pressure. This work aims at a detailed investigation of the large-scale tumble motion and its interaction with the piston boundary layer during the intake stroke in a state-of-the-art gasoline engine. To allow the validation of the flow near the piston surface obtained by simulation, a new measurement technique called "Flying PIV" is applied. A detailed comparison between experimental and simulation results is carried out as well as an analysis of the obtained flow field. The large-scale tumble motion is investigated based on numerical data of multiple highly resolved intake strokes obtained using scale-resolving simulations. A method to detect the tumble center position within a 3D flow field, as an extension of previously developed 2D and 3D algorithms, is presented and applied. It is then used to investigate the phase-averaged tumble structure, its characteristics in terms of angular velocity and the CCV between the individual intake strokes. Finally, an analysis is presented of the piston boundary layer and how it is influenced by the tumble motion during the final phase of the intake stroke.

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Section: Piston Boundary Layersupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of the 3D Tumble Structure and Piston Boundary Layer Development During the Intake Stroke of a Gasoline Engine

Buhl

Gleiss

Köhler

et al. 2016

Flow Turbulence Combust

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“…Several studies showed that Scale-Resolving Simulations (SRS) can capture the flow field correctly [16][17][18][19][20], considering a reduced number of phenomena in simple geometries. In contrast, a previous study on the flow bench identified discrepancies between Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) [21], attributable to the complexity of the flow field. This motivated further studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The experimental arrangement is similar to that in a previous work [21], but for completeness a brief overview is given here. Figure 4 shows the Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of the intake system, the cylinder head, and the outlet tube of the flow bench.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigation of an IC Engine Intake Flow Based on Highly Resolved LES and PIV

Buhl

Hartmann

Kaiser

et al. 2017

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-To reduce emissions and fuel consumption, the current generation of gasoline engines uses technologies such as direct injection, downsizing and supercharging. All of them require a strong vortical in-cylinder charge motion, usually described as "tumble", to improve fuel-air mixing and enhance flame propagation. The tumble development strongly depends on the flow field during the intake stroke. This flow field is dominated by the intake jet, which has to be captured well in the simulation. This work investigates the intake jet on a steady-state flow bench, especially in the vicinity of the intake valve. At first, the general flow dynamics of the intake jet for three different valve lifts and three different mass flows were investigated experimentally. For the smallest valve lift (3 mm), flow-field measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) show that the orientation of the intake jet significantly depends on the air flow rate, attaching to the pent roof for low flow rates. This phenomenon is less pronounced for higher valve lifts. An intermediate valve lift and flow rate were chosen for further investigations by scale-resolving simulations. Three different meshes (coarse, medium and fine) and two turbulence models (Sigma and Detached Eddy Simulation-Shear Stress Transport (DES-SST)) are applied to consider their effect on the numerical results. An ad-hoc postprocessing methodology based on the ensemble-averaged velocity field is presented capturing the jet centerline's mean velocity and velocity fluctuations as well as its orientation, curvature and penetration depth. The simulation results are compared to each other as well as to measurements by PIV.

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Experimental characterization of the turbulent intake jet in an engine flow bench

Welch¹,

Illmann²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2023

Exp Fluids

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The turbulent intake flow of an optically accessible internal combustion engine is modeled using an air flow bench to reduce the complexity in the number of variables inherent within engine flows. By removing the piston and introducing a new optically accessible housing and outlet channel, the flow bench design simulates engine flows in the region just downstream of the intake valves and offers the possibility to measure and calculate quantities that would be difficult or impossible to obtain in the unsteady environment of a dynamic engine. Velocity data obtained via high-speed particle image velocimetry of the flow bench in the symmetry and valve planes are compared with data from a base operating condition of the motored engine at an intake pressure of $$0.95$$ 0.95 bar and a speed of $$800$$ 800 rpm at $$- 270$$ - 270 °CA ($$270$$ 270 crank-angle-degrees before compression top dead center), beginning with stationary valves at the corresponding valve lift of $$- 270$$ - 270 °CA, then with moving valves. Analysis of the intake jet turbulence for increasing mass flow rates reveals a coherent flapping of the jet at a frequency of $$752.5$$ 752.5 Hz for only the $$100$$ 100 % mass flow rate case. The vortex shedding frequency of the valve stem is estimated to being in the range of $$634$$ 634 –$$799$$ 799 Hz, indicating a possible link between the coherent jet flapping and the vortex shedding surviving the acceleration through the valve gap. Through comprehensive analysis, this study provides valuable validation data and insight into the intake flows of internal combustion engines.

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Spatially Resolved Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flow through the Intake Port of an Internal Combustion Engine

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of the 3D Tumble Structure and Piston Boundary Layer Development During the Intake Stroke of a Gasoline Engine

A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of the 3D Tumble Structure and Piston Boundary Layer Development During the Intake Stroke of a Gasoline Engine

Investigation of an IC Engine Intake Flow Based on Highly Resolved LES and PIV

Experimental characterization of the turbulent intake jet in an engine flow bench

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