Spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of CsI deposits

Coluzza, C.; Almeida, J.; Berger, H.; Pérez, Lucas; Margaritondo, G.; Paić, G.; Braem, A.; Piuz, F.; Mauro, A. Di; Nappi, E.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(94)90544-4

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The microscope was also used in the PEEM mode in order to study the effects of different photon energies on the quantum efficiency. The results showed that the spatial inhomogeneities of the relative QE are not related to the energy of the exciting radiation we used, but they could be a function of the photon beam intensity [26].…”

Section: Gaseous Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…During CsI sublimation the pressure rose to = IO + mbar (base pressure -1 O-' mbar). After deposition, the samples were stored in stainless-steel boxes filled with nitrogen, and exposed to air only for a few minutes during the introduction in the ESCA-300 apparatus, the XSEM-PEEM, the SEM or the SAM apparatus which all operate in LJHV Some samples were activated in situ by annealing at 50°C for several hours [26] before the analysis.…”

Section: Csi Film Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laterally resolved measurements of polycrystalline cesium iodide surfaces

Rudolf¹,

Marchal²,

Sporken³

et al. 1997

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Laterally resolved measurements of polycrystalline cesium iodide surfaces Rudolf, Petra; Marchal, F.; Sporken, R.; Caudano, R.; dellOrto, T.; Almeida, J.; Braem, A.; Piuz, F.; Sgobba, S.; Paic, G. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. AbstractThe aim of this work was to establish the correlation between the local chemical composition and morphology of polycrystalline cesium iodide (CsI) and its local quantum efficiency. We used a laterally resolved Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA-300) apparatus and a Scanning Auger Microprobe (SAM) to investigate the lateral inhomogeneity of the CsI surface stoichiometry.The local quantum efficiency (QE) was determined by measuring the secondary electron emission in Photoemission Electron Microscopy both with a non-monochromatized deuterium lamp and with tunable X-ray synchrotron radiation as the excitation source. CsI films on different substrates were studied. We found that the local QE depends strongly on the morphology, on the local stoichiometry and on carbon contamination. The results allow for an optimisation of the quantum efficiency of large area photocathodes.

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Section: Gaseous Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Csi Film Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laterally resolved measurements of polycrystalline cesium iodide surfaces

Rudolf¹,

Marchal²,

Sporken³

et al. 1997

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…It was found recently that sensitivity of CsI and KBr photocathodes in the visible range can be increased by UV exposure [4], [18] and we have observed that the visible QE increase can be as much as four and seven orders of magnitude for CsI and KBr, respectively [13]; see Fig. 5.…”

Section: Visible Light Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 88%

UV radiation resistance and solar blindness of CsI and KBr photocathodes

Tremsin¹,

Siegmund

2001

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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A detailed study of the stability of CsI and KBr photocathodes under UV irradiation is presented. UV quantum efficiency degradation was found to be more pronounced at lower illumination intensity for the same accumulated dose and illumination wavelength. For an equal number of extracted photoelectrons in-band UV exposure led to a larger sensitivity decay as compared to out-of-band illumination. The angle of radiation incidence was not important for the UV sensitivity degradation, while changes of visible light rejection (i.e., degradation of solar blindness) did depend on the incidence angle: the photocathodes illuminated at normal incidence were activated much faster than the films irradiated at grazing angle. We found that the increase of visible sensitivity can be characterized by the total accumulated dose and is independent of irradiation flux during UV activation. We also observed that heat annealing substantially improves the visible light rejection of C-sI photocathodes.

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“…It was found recently that sensitivity of Csl and KBr photocathodes in the visible range can be ,increased by UV exposure [3], [18] and we have observed that the visible QE increase can be as much as 4 and 7 orders of magnitude for CsI and KBr, respectively [13]. The rejection of visible light can be easily restored by subsequent irradiation of the photocathode with visible light and the rate of the deactivation was found to be on the order of minutes, although complete deactivation requires a relatively prolonged exposure [ 131.…”

Section: Visible Light Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV radiation resistance and solar blindness of CsI and KBr photocathodes

Tremsin¹,

Siegmund²

2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)

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A detailed study of the stability of CsI and ,KBr photocathodes under UV irradiation is presented. UV quantum efficiency degradation was found to be more pronounced' :at lower illumination intensity for the same accumulated doseand illumination wavelength. For an equal number of extracted photoelectrons in-band UV exposure led to a larger sensitivity decay as compared to out-of-band illumination. The angle of radiation incidence was not important for the UV sensitivity degradation, while changes of visible light ' rejection (i.e. degradation of solar blindness) did depend on the incidence angle: the photocathodes illuminated at normal incidence were activated much faster than the films irradiated at grazing angle. We found that the increase of visible sensitivity can be characterized by the total accumulated dose and is independent of irradiation flux during UV activation. We also observed that heat annealing substantially improves the visible light rejection of CsI photocathodes.I.

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Spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of CsI deposits

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Laterally resolved measurements of polycrystalline cesium iodide surfaces

Laterally resolved measurements of polycrystalline cesium iodide surfaces

UV radiation resistance and solar blindness of CsI and KBr photocathodes

UV radiation resistance and solar blindness of CsI and KBr photocathodes

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