“…In 2015, Radwell et al experimentally observed spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency via utilizing optical vortex beams to drive cold rubidium atoms [40]. Subsequently, numerous schemes for the spatially dependent light-matter interaction induced by LG beams have been proposed in cold atomic ensembles [41], rareearth-doped crystal [42], two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanosphere [43], semiconductor quantum dots [44], and molecular magnets [45]. Meanwhile, many intriguing quantum optical phenomena have been discovered such as vortex-induced spatial absorption [46,47], spatially structured Kerr nonlinearity [39], ultraprecise Rydberg atomic localization [48], vortex four-wave mixing (FWM) [44,45,49,50,51,52], and spatially dependent hyper Raman scattering [53].…”