Spatially Varying Impacts of Built Environment on Transfer Ridership of Metro and Bus Systems

Abstract

Public transport, especially bus and metro, are fundamental elements of sustainable transport systems. However, a dearth of research has been devoted to exploring the correlation between the built environment and the intermodal transfer modes that link bus and metro. To address this research gap, this study aims to explore the relationship between the built environment and transfer ridership by examining transfer ridership across different modes. First, this study uses Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data collected in the city of Chengdu to identify the ridership of Metro-to-Bus (M-B) and Bus-to-Metro (B-M) transfer passengers using dynamic transfer time thresholds. A multi-scale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR) is employed to examine the impact of the built environment on M-B and B-M transfer modes and their scale effects. The findings demonstrate that the MGWR model is effective in capturing the spatial heterogeneity and scale effects of the interrelationships between different built environment factors in the M-B and B-M modes. Furthermore, the impact of different built environment factors on transfer ridership varies. In particular, the number of bus stops and lines have a more pronounced positive effect on promoting transfer ridership, while the density of non-motorway lanes has a significant negative effect. This research provides valuable insights for public transportation management and supports the seamless integration of bus and metro systems to optimize transfer services.

Research of Metro Stations with Varying Patterns of Ridership and Their Relationship with Built Environment, on the Example of Tianjin, China

“…Prioritizing the development of metro systems as the primary mode of public transportation can effectively solve "big city problems" such as environmental pollution, carbon emissions, and traffic congestion. This approach promotes sustainable and healthy travel for residents while achieving sustainable urban development [1][2][3]. In recent decades, Transit-oriented development (TOD) has gradually become a cutting-edge model for urban community planning and a new direction for urban sustainable development.…”

“…There are two crucial questions in the present study: (1) What are the types of metro stations based on varying patterns of ridership and what are their distinctive characteristics? (2) What is the association between the varying patterns of metro station ridership and built environment factors? The answers to these questions can offer valuable insights for rail transit planning and urban renewal.…”