Spatio-seasonal Concentrations, Source Apportionment and Assessment of Associated Human Health Risks of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Delhi, India

Yadav, Akash; Behera, S. N.; Nagar, Pavan K.; Sharma, Mukesh

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2020.04.0182

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Hence, Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org transboundary transport of air masses was greatly supported by the meteorological conditions prevailing in the study domain during summer and winter. Such scenarios of transboundary transport of air masses containing pollutants from remote regions to locations in the Delhi-NCR region have been reported in some previous studies (Sharma and Mandal, 2017;Shivani et al, 2019;Yadav et al, 2020).…”

Section: Profiles Of the Backward Trajectory Of Air Massessupporting

confidence: 69%

“…To eliminate biases during filter handling and PM sampling meant for gravimetric analysis, an adequate number of laboratory and field blank filters were kept. Those blank filter samples were used in conducting quality control (QC) assessment during the chemical analysis of PM 2.5 -bound elements (USEPA, 1998;Yadav et al, 2020). Additional information about sampling methodology are provided in the Supplementary Information.…”

Section: Particulate Sample Collection and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of PM2.5-bound trace elements, source apportionment, and assessment of associated human health risks during summer and winter in Greater Noida, the National Capital Region of India

Kumar

Yadav

Behera

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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To examine the trends of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and its elemental constituents during two distinct seasons at a site away from the city center of Delhi and the National Capital Region (Delhi-NCR) of India, this unique study aimed at the development of source-receptor-effect linkages. This research paper presents results of occurrence, long-range transport (LRT), source apportionment, and human health impact assessment of 24 PM2.5-bound trace elements (Al, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Se, Si, Te, Tl, Zn, and Zr). The concentration of PM2.5 during winter (296 ± 45 μg/m3) was significantly higher than in summer (114 ± 48 μg/m3) and exceeded 24 h Indian standard on most of the measurement days. The seasonal concentration ratios (winter/summer) of individual elements varied from 1.7 (Si) to 5.9 (Tl). The backward trajectory of air masses showed that transboundary transport of pollutants occurred in the downwind direction during winter, indicating that this remote site was affected by transported particulates and local activities. The principal component analysis–absolute principal component score (PCA-APCS) model confirmed five significant sources, vehicles (22.3%), soil/road dust (23.1%), coal combustion (20.9%), open burning (13.8%), and other industries (10.2%) responsible for particulate emission. The results from the multiple path particle dosimetry model (MPPD) showed higher deposition of particulates in the human respiratory system occurred during winter (44%) than in summer (40%). The elements with crustal sources of origin had a higher deposition fraction in the head region (0.27 for Si) compared to elements of anthropogenic sources (0.13 for Li). The excess lifetime carcinogenic risk (ELCR) under winter episodic events increased significantly at 128 × 10−6 compared to the summer non-episodic period at 41 × 10−6.

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Section: Profiles Of the Backward Trajectory Of Air Massessupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Particulate Sample Collection and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PM2.5-bound trace elements, source apportionment, and assessment of associated human health risks during summer and winter in Greater Noida, the National Capital Region of India

Kumar

Yadav

Behera

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…PAHs and NPAHs can easily move among ecosystems and adversely affect many organisms, including humans, due to their small size and persistence [ 5 ]. PAHs and NPAHs mainly originate from anthropogenic pyrogenic sources, such as coal combustion, vehicle emissions and biomass burning [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In fact, PAHs and NPAHs are ubiquitous in the air environment worldwide, even in remote regions, because of long-range atmospheric transportation [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Total suspended particles (TSP) were collected in Vladivostok, Russia, which is a typical port city. This study investigated the concentration, potential sources, and long-term variation in particle PAHs and NPAHs in the atmosphere of Vladivostok. The PAH and NPAH concentrations were higher in winter than in summer (PAHs: winter: 18.6 ± 9.80 ng/m3 summer: 0.54 ± 0.21 ng/m3; NPAHs: winter: 143 ± 81.5 pg/m3 summer: 143 ± 81.5 pg/m3). The diagnostic ratios showed that PAHs and NPAHs mainly came from vehicle emissions in both seasons, while heating systems were the main source of air pollution in winter. The TEQ assessment values were 2.90 ng/m3 and 0.06 ng/m3 in winter and summer, respectively, suggesting a significant excess cancer risk in the general population in winter. The ILCR values conveyed a potential carcinogenic risk because the value was between 1 × 10−5 and 1 × 10−7 and ingestion was a main contributor in Vladivostok. However, it is worth noting that the concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs showed an overall downward trend from 1999 to 2020. An important reason for this is the cogenerations project implemented by the Far Eastern Center for Strategic Research on Fuel and Energy Complex Development in 2010. This research clarified the latest variations in PAHs and NPAHs to provide continuous observation data for future chemical reaction or model prediction research.

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“…We used the classi cation of International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of WHO and identi ed 7 PAHs classi ed as carcinogenic (Group 1; BaP), probably carcinogenic (Group 2A; DahA), and possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B; BaA, Chr, BbF, BkF, and InP) to humans. Although PAHs other than these 7 PAHs possess limited carcinogenicity, those PAHs can increase the overall exposure when present in PAH mixtures (Yadav et al, 2020).…”

Section: Exposure Risk Assessment For Personal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbon and inhalation risk assessment among asphalt hot mixed plant and road paving workers

Ravichandran,

Sen,

Dhananjayan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Workers exposed to heated asphalt at paving and hot mixed plant jobs may experience fumes and vapours containing hazardous chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs), causing respiratory irritation, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The study estimated inhalation exposure to PAHs among asphalt workers in hot mixing plants and road paving areas using XAD-2 sorbent tubes and PTFE filter paper. A total ninety-one personal air samples (paving 37 and plant 54) were collected from the worker’s breathing zone. Results were analysed using HPLC, following the NIOSH-5506 method. It was found that the total PAHs (TPAHs) concentration range (composed vapour and particulate phases) was between 0.02-184.71 µg/m3 (mean 21.07 ± 37.36 µg/m3) and the concentration of TPAHs among road paving workers was significantly higher (p 0.05) than the hot mix asphalt plant workers. Among the individual PAHs compound, the mean concentration of Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) was 7.15 ± 17.05 µg/m3 and it was the highest observation value, followed by Benzo[α]Pyrene (BaP) with a mean concentration 3.28 ± 8.46µg/m3, and the exposure level of BghiP and BaP among the paving workers was significantly (p 0.05) higher compared with the plant workers. Health risk assessment suggested increased chances of developing cancer (3.44 x10− 09 to 3.47 x10− 04) in the study area, whereas non-cancer hazard quotients and indexes had values of BaP was 8.095x1002, which implied that these contaminants have adverse effects on health. The results of our study demonstrate that the asphalt workers are exposed to PAHs and their derivatives constantly at their work sites, and since PAHs are considered non-threshold carcinogens, our observed levels may still be harmful.

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Spatio-seasonal Concentrations, Source Apportionment and Assessment of Associated Human Health Risks of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Delhi, India

Cited by 25 publications

References 74 publications

Characterization of PM2.5-bound trace elements, source apportionment, and assessment of associated human health risks during summer and winter in Greater Noida, the National Capital Region of India

Characterization of PM2.5-bound trace elements, source apportionment, and assessment of associated human health risks during summer and winter in Greater Noida, the National Capital Region of India

PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

Personal exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbon and inhalation risk assessment among asphalt hot mixed plant and road paving workers

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